Methods of Forensic Science Volume I2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Isolation and Identification of Alkaloids＆By E．G．C．CLARKE1

Ⅰ．Introduction2

Ⅱ．Alkaloids2

1．Definition2

2．Nomenclature3

3．Literature4

4．Poisoning by Alkaloids5

Ⅲ．Analytical methods8

1．Introduction8

2．Isolation10

3．Purification14

4．Identification19

5．Estimation26

Ⅳ．Practical Procedures29

1．Isolation30

2．Paper Chromatography31

3．Identitication35

Ⅴ．Analytical Data39

1．Paper Chromatography39

2．Color Tests40

3．Crystal Tests40

Ⅵ．Summary and Conclusions40

Appendix A．Reagents42

Appendix B．Analytical Data44

Appendix C．Chemical Nomenclature172

Appendix D．Drugs and Their Trade Names194

References230

Detection and Identification of Bloodstains＆By ANGELO FIORI243

Ⅰ．Detection and Preservation of Bloodstains244

Ⅱ．Choice of Methods for Identification of Bloodstains245

Ⅲ．Histological,Histochemical,and Cytological Methods247

1．Epimicroscopic Method247

2．Microscopic Methods248

Ⅳ．Chemical and Physical Methods251

1．Introduction251

2．Preparation of the Samples252

3．Color Tests253

4．Crystal Tests255

5．Absorption Spectroscopy259

6．Fluorescence Spectrophotometry267

7．Polarography267

8．Electrophoresis268

9．Chromatography269

Ⅴ．Immunological Methods271

Ⅵ．Age of Bloodstains273

Ⅶ．Quantitative Determination of Bloodstains274

Ⅷ．Recommenced Methods275

1．Microscopic Examination of Bloodstains275

2．Paper Chromatographic Method for Identification of Bloodstains278

3．Immunological Method for Identification of Human Adult and Fetal hemoglobin in Bloodstains279

4．Silver Method for Age of Bloodstains282

5．Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Bloodstains283

References284

Investigation of Biological Stains with Regard to Species Origin＆By F．SCHLEYER291

Ⅰ．Introduction291

Ⅱ．Preparation of Material for Testing292

Ⅲ．Methods and Modifications294

1．Precipitin Test294

2．Antiglobulin Serum Inhibition Test313

3．Passive Hemagglutination Methods317

4．Other Methods318

Ⅳ．Sensitivity of the Various Methods328

Identification of Stains of Nonbiological Origin＆By L．C．NICKOLLS335

Ⅰ．Introduction335

1．Locard＇s Exchange Principles335

2．Reconstruction337

3．The Unusual Article338

4．Control Samples340

5．Packing of Exhibits341

Ⅱ．Laboratory Examination342

1．Isolation of Significant Material342

2．Preliminary Examination343

3．Detailed Examination344

Ⅲ．Conclusions370

1．The Investigator370

2．The Scientist370

References371

Detection and Estimation of Barbituric Acid Derivatives＆By GEORG SCHMIDT373

Ⅰ．Introduction374

1．Therapeutic Use of Barbiturates375

2．Poisoning by Barbiturates377

3．Fate of Barbiturates in the Body398

Ⅱ．Estimation of Barbiturates in Pharmaceutical preparations410

1．Preliminary Tests410

2．Purity and Identity Tests411

3．Quantitative Determination412

Ⅲ．Extraction from Biological Materials413

1．Urine418

2．Blood419

3．Tissues,Qrgans,and Gastric Contents420

Ⅳ．Purification and Separation424

1．Extractive Purification424

2．Oxidative Purification425

3．Adsorptive Purification425

4．Purification by Chromatography and Similar Procedures425

5．Purification by Sublimation428

Ⅴ．Identification and Determination429

1．Color Reactions430

2．Gravimetric Methods436

3．Identification of Crystallized Substances437

4．Chromatographic Methods457

5．Spectrometric Methods466

Ⅵ．Conclusions479

References482

Use of Serum Haptoglobin Patterns in Cases of Disputed Paternity＆By FRODE GALATIUS-JENSEN497

Ⅰ．Introduction498

Ⅱ．Historical Survey498

1．The Discovery of Haptoglobin and Some of Its Properties498

2．The Detection of the Existence of More than One Haptoglobin500

3．Smithies＇ Demonstration of the Three Hp Groups501

Ⅲ．Technique502

1．Preparation of the Soluble Starch502

2．Preparation of the Starch Gel503

3．Electrophoresis Vessels504

4．Introduction of the Serum Samples505

5．Electrical Connections506

6．Electrophoresis Time506

7．Slicing of the Gel507

8．The Addition of Hemoglobin to the Sera507

9．Staining Methods509

10．Control Measures510

11．Storage of Serum510

12．Storage of Slabs511

Ⅳ．Patterns of the Hp Groups511

Ⅴ．Incidence and Heredity of the Hp Groups515

1．Gene Frequencies of the Hp System in the Danish Population515

2．The Incidence of the Hp Phenotypes in Different Populations516

3．The Relation of the Hp Groups to the Blood Groups519

4．Family Studies519

5．The Genetic Relations of the Hp Locus523

6．Mother-Child Combinations523

7．Twins523

8．The Development of the Hp Groups526

9．The Constancy of the Hp Groups528

Ⅵ．Investigations of Rare Phenotypes in the Hp System:Family Studies528

1．Ahaptoglobinemia528

2．HaCa530

3．Hp 2-1 (Mod．)531

4．Johnson Type531

Ⅶ．Hp Groups and Disease531

1．Reliability of Hp Grouping of Pathological Sera531

2．Possible Association Between Hp Groups and Certain Diseases532

Ⅷ．The Use of the Hp Groups in Cases of Disputed Paternity534

1．Criteria for the Forensic Application of a Hereditary Character534

2．Exclusion Rate of the Hp System535

3．Examples of the Forensic Use of the Hp System535

References536

Quantitative Determination of Carbon Monoxide＆By ANDREAS MAEHLY539

Ⅰ．General Part539

1．Introduction539

2．Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Monoxide540

3．Occurrence of Carbon Monoxide542

4．The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on the Human Organism545

Ⅱ．Special Part:Analytical Determination of Carbon Monoxide551

1．Introduction551

2．Determination of Carbon Monoxide Gas553

3．Determination of Carboxyhemoglobin565

4．comparison of Methods for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Blood584

5．Secondary Changes in Blood Samples585

Review Articles587

References588

Examination of Firearms and Ammunition＆By P．F．CECCALDI593

Ⅰ．Introduction594

Ⅱ．The Police Investigation594

1．Bullets594

2．Cartridge Cases598

3．Weapons599

Ⅲ．Technical Data602

1．Caliber602

2．Barrel603

3．Ammunition603

Ⅳ．Laboratory Examination606

1．Function of a Firearm606

2．Problems to Be Solved by Expert Examination608

Ⅴ．Conclusion635

References636

Index639