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Lesson 11

GRAMMAR The Simple Present Tense;Frequency Words2

CONTEXT Pets and Other Animals2

READING Americans and Their Pets2

1.1 Be—Forms and Uses3

1.2 Contractions with Be5

READING Dog Walkers7

1.3 Questions with Be8

READING Guide Dogs14

1.4 The Simple Present Tense—Affirmative Statements15

1.5 Negative Statements with the Simple Present Tense17

READING Search and Rescue Dogs18

1.6 Questions with the Simple Present Tense19

1.7 Wh- Questions with a Preposition21

1.8 Questions About Meaning,Spelling,and Cost23

READING Marianne and Sparky26

1.9 Simple Present Tense with Frequency Words27

1.10 Position of Frequency Words and Expressions29

1.11 Questions with Ever31

1.12 Questions with How Often and Answers with Frequency Expressions32

Summary of Lesson 133

Editing Advice33

Lesson 1 Test/Review36

Expansion Activities39

Lesson 243

GRAMMAR The Present Continuous Tense;Action and Nonaction Verbs;The Future Tense44

CONTEXT Getting Older44

READING Retirement Living44

2.1 Present Continuous Tense46

READING Life After Retirement48

2.2 Using the Present Continuous for Longer Actions49

2.3 Questions with the Present Continuous Tense51

2.4 Contrasting the Simple Present and the Present Continuous56

2.5 Action and Nonaction Verbs59

READING The Graying of America64

2.6 The Future Tense with Will66

2.7 The Future Tense with Be Going To69

2.8 Will vs.Be Going To72

2.9 Future Tense+Time/If Clause75

Summary of Lesson 279

Editing Advice80

Lesson 2 Test/Review81

Expansion Activities85

Lesson 387

GRAMMAR Habitual Past with Used To;The Simple Past Tense88

CONTEXT Working Towards a Better Life88

READING Equal Rights for All88

3.1 Habitual Past with Used To90

READING George Dawson—Life Is So Good92

3.2 Past Tense of Be94

3.3 The Simple Past Tense of Regular Verbs96

3.4 The Simple Past Tense of Irregular Verbs98

3.5 Negative Statements101

3.6 Questions with the Simple Past Tense103

Summary of Lesson 3106

Editing Advice106

Lesson 3 Test/Review108

Expansion Activities111

Lesson 4115

GRAMMAR Possessive Forms;Object Pronouns;Reflexive Pronouns;Questions116

CONTEXT Weddings116

READING A Traditional American Wedding116

4.1 Possessive Forms of Nouns117

4.2 Possessive Adjectives119

4.3 Possessive Pronouns120

4.4 Questions with Whose123

4.5 Object Pronouns124

READING New Wedding Trends126

4.6 Direct and Indirect Objects127

4.7 Say and Tell128

READING Economizing on a Wedding129

4.8 Reflexive Pronouns131

READING Questions and Answers About an American Wedding133

4.9 Questions About the Subject or Complement135

Summary of Lesson 4140

Editing Advice141

Lesson 4 Test/Review143

Expansion Activities147

Lesson 5149

GRAMMAR Singular and Plural;Count and Noncount Nouns;There+Be;Quantity Words150

CONTEXT Thanksgiving,Pilgrims,and American Indians150

READING A Typical Thanksgiving150

5.1 Noun Plurals151

5.2 Using the Singular and Plural for Generalizations154

5.3 special Cases of Singular and Plural155

READING The Origin of Thanksgiving156

5.4 Noncount Nouns158

5.5 Count and Noncount Nouns159

READING Recipe for Turkey Stuffing161

5.6 Quantities with Count and Noncount Nouns162

READING Taking the Land from the Native Americans163

5.7 There+a Form of Be164

5.8 Using There165

READING Code Talkers166

5.9 Quantity Expressions—An Overview167

5.10 Some,Any,A,No169

5.11 A Lot of,Much,Many171

5.12 A Lot Of vs.Too Much/Too Many172

5.13 A Few.Several,A Little174

5.14 A Few vs.Few;A Little vs.Little175

Summary of Lesson 5179

Editing Advice180

Lesson 5 Test/Review181

Expansion Activities185

Lesson 6187

GRAM MAR Adjectives;Noun Modifiers;Adverbs;Too/Enough/Very/A Lot of188

CONTEXT Health188

READING Obesity:A National Problem188

6.1 Adjectives190

6.2 Noun Modifiers192

READING Obesity:The Solutions194

6.3 Adverbs of Manner196

6.4 Adjective vs.Adverb198

READING Sleep200

6.5 Too and Enough201

6.6 Too and Very and A Lot Of203

Summary of Lesson 6204

Editing Advice205

Lesson 6 Test/Review206

Expansion Activities208

Lesson 7211

GRAMMAR Time Words and Time Clauses;The Past Continuous Tense212

CONTEXT Immigrants212

READING Ellis Island212

7.1 When,Until,While213

7.2 When and Whenever215

7.3 Time Words216

7.4 The Past Continuous Tense—An Overview218

READING Albert Einstein—Immigrant from Germany218

7.5 The Past Continuous Tense—Forms220

7.6 The Past Continuous Tense—Uses221

7.7 Was/Were Going To226

READING Gloria Estefan—Cuban Immigrant227

7.8 Simple Past vs.Past Continuous with When228

7.9 Simple Past vs.Past Continuous229

7.10 Using the-ing Form After Time Words230

Summary of Lesson 7231

Editing Advice232

Lesson 7 Test/Review232

Expansion Activities235

Lesson 8237

GRAMMAR Modals;Related Expressions238

CONTEXT Renting an Apartment238

8.1 Modals and Related Expressions—An Overview238

READING An Apartment Lease238

8.2 Negatives with Modals240

8.3 Statements and Questions with Modals241

8.4 Must,Have to,Have Got To242

8.5 Obligation with Must or Be Supposed To244

8.6 Can,May,Could,and Alternate Expressions246

READING Tenants'Rights249

8.7 Should;Had Better250

8.8 Negatives of Modals253

READING The New Neighbors258

8.9 Must for Conclusions259

8.10 Will and May/Might261

READING At a Garage Sale264

8.11 Using Modals and Questions for Politeness265

Summary of Lesson 8269

Editing Advice270

Lesson 8 Test/Review272

Expansion Activities274

Lesson 9277

GRAMMAR The Present Perfect;The Present Perfect Continuous278

CONTEXT Searching the Web278

9.1 The Present Perfect Tense—An Overview278

READING Google278

9.2 The Past Participle280

9.3 Irregular Past Participle Forms of verbs281

9.4 The Present Perfect—Contractions,Negatives282

9.5 Adding an Adverb283

9.6 The Present Perfect—Statements and Questions284

9.7 Continuation from Past to Present285

9.8 The Simple Present vs.the Present Perfect288

9.9 The Present Perfect vs.the Simple Past290

9.10 The Present Perfect Continuous—An Overview292

READING Genealogy292

9.11 The Present Perfect Continuous—Forms293

9.12 The Present Perfect Continuous—Statements and Questions294

9.13 The Present Perfect Continuous—Use295

9.14 The Present Perfect with Repetition from Past to Present299

9.15 The Simple Past vs.the Present Perfect with Repetition301

9.16 The Present Perfect with Indefinite Past Time302

9.17 Answering a Present Perfect Question304

Summary of Lesson 9308

Editing Advice309

Lesson 9 Test/Review310

Expansion Activities313

Lesson 10315

GRAMMAR Gerunds;Infinitives316

CONTEXT Finding a Job316

10.1 Gerunds—An Overview316

READING Finding a Job316

10.2 Gerund as Subject318

10.3 Gerund After Verb320

10.4 Gerund After Preposition322

10.5 Gerund in Adverbial Phrase325

10.6 Infinitives—An Overview327

READING Tips on Writing a Résumé327

10.7　 Infinitive as Subject329

10.8 　Infinitive After Adjective331

10.9 Infinitive After Verb333

10.10 Gerund or Infinitive After Verb335

10.11 Object Before Infinitive336

10.12 Infinitive to Show Purpose338

READING Rita's Story339

10.13 Used To vs.Be Used To341

Summary of Lesson 10345

Editing Advice346

Lesson 10 Test/Review347

Expansion Activities350

Lesson 11353

GRAMMAR Adjective Clauses354

CONTEXT Making Connections—Old Friends and New354

11.1 Adjective Clauses—An Overview354

READING Finding Old Friends354

11.2 Relative Pronoun as Subject356

11.3 Relative Pronoun as Object358

11.4 Where and When362

11.5 Formal vs.Informal363

READING Internet Matchmaking364

11.6 Whose+Noun365

Summary of Lesson 11369

Editing Advice370

Lesson 11 Test/Review371

Expansion Activities373

Lesson 12375

GRAMMAR Superlatives;Comparatives376

CONTEXT Sports and Athletes376

12.1 Superlatives and Comparatives—An Overview376

READING Michael Jordan376

12.2 The Superlative Form378

12.3 Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs379

12.4 Superlatives and Word Order384

READING Americans'Attitude Toward Soccer385

12.5 Comparatives386

12.6 Comparatives and Word Order388

READING An Amazing Athlete390

12.7 As...As391

12.8 As Many/Much...As393

12.9 The Same...As395

12.10 Equality with Nouns or Adjectives396

READING Football and Soccer397

12.11 Similarity with Like and Alike398

12.12 Be Like400

12.13 Same or Different401

Summary of Lesson 12404

Editing Advice405

Test/Review406

Expansion Activities408

Lesson 13413

GRAMMAR Passive Voice and Active Voice414

CONTEXT The Law414

13.1 The Passive Voice and the Active Voice—An Overview414

READING Jury Duty414

13.2 The Passive Voice415

13.3 Passive Voice—Form and Use416

13.4 Negatives and Questions with Passive Voice421

READING Unusual Lawsuits422

13.5 Choosing Active Voice or Passive Voice424

Summary of Lesson 13429

Editing Advice431

Lesson 13 Test/Review431

Expansion Activities434

Lesson 14437

GRAMMAR Articles;Other/Another;Indefinite Pronouns438

CONTEXT Money438

14.1 Articles—An Overview438

READING Kids and Money438

14.2 The Indefinite Article—Classifying or Identifying the Subject439

14.3 The Indefinite Article—Introducing a Noun440

14.4 The Definite Article443

14.5 Making Generalizations445

14.6 General or Specific with Quantity Words449

READING Changing the American Dollar451

14.7 Another and Other452

14.8 More About Another and Other453

READING The High Cost of a College Education456

14.9 Definite and Indefinite Pronouns458

Summary fo Lesson 14462

Editing Advice463

Lesson 14 Test/Review464

Expansion Activities467