Quantitative Chemical Techniques of HISTO-and CYTOCHEMISTRY Volume II2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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ⅤⅢ．Spectrophotometric Techniques3

A．Apparatus3

1．Microscope Colorimeter and Spectrophotometer3

(a) Drop Techniques4

Norberg Drop Technique4

Glick-Ferguson Drop Technique4

Rotman Drop Technique5

Edstrom Drop Technique5

Ornstein-Lehrer Shrinking-Drop Technique11

(b) Capillary Cuvette Techniques12

Holter-Lovtrup-Krugelis Arrangement12

Malmstrom-Glick Modification13

2．Adaptation of Commercial Spectrophotometers17

(a) Lowry et al．Adaptation of the Beckman Spectrophotometer18

(b) Glick，Grunbaum，and Greenberg Modification20

(c) Other Modifications of the Beckman Spectrophotometer25

(d) Adaptation of the Coleman Spectrophotometer27

3．Transfer of Liquid to Cuvettes27

B．Optical Extinction In Measurement28

C．Methods29

Sodium29

Bott Method for Sodium31

Stone and Goldzieher Method for Sodium32

Potassium34

Eckel Method for Potassium36

Calcium38

Weybrew，Matrone，and Baxley Modification of the Sendroy Method for Calcium44

Gillis，Van Der Stock，and Hoste Loretin Method for Calcium46

Natelson and Penniall Alizarin Method for Calcium46

Chiamori and Henry Chloranilate Method for Calcium47

Brush Erio SE Procedure for Calcium49

Kingsley and Robnett Modification of the Baar Method for Calcium50

Magnesium51

Glick，Freier，and Ochs Titan Yellow Method for Magnesium54

Levine and Cummings Eriochrome Black T Method for Magnesium55

Iron56

Ashing60

Kingsley and Getchell Bathophenanthroline Method for Iron60

Ramsay Dipyridyl Method for Iron61

Wootton Adaptation of the Ultraviolet Absorption Method of Bastian，Weberling，and Palilla for Iron62

Zinc63

Malmstrom and Glick Modification of the Dithizone Method for Zinc66

Fredricks，Tanaka，and Valentine Modification of the Hoch and Vallee Method for Extraction of Zinc from Blood Cells and Measurement by the Dithizone Method68

Chloride70

Stiff Modification of the Sendroy Method for Chloride73

King and Bain Modification of the Haslewood-King Method for Chloride76

Lowry，Roberts，Leiner，Wu，and Farr Rhodanine Method for Chloride77

Phosphorus and Phosphate79

Preparation of Sample79

Molybdenum Blue Methods80

Labile Phosphates82

Phospholipid84

Nucleic Acid85

Yellow Phosphomolybdic and Phosphomolybdovanadic Acid Methods85

Other Methods87

Lowry，Roberts，Leiner，Wu，and Farr Molybdenum Blue Method for Inorganic and Labile-，Acid-Soluble-，Lipid-，Nucleic Acid-，and Residual-Phosphorus88

Peel and Loughman Modification of the Lowry and Lopez Molybdenum Blue Method for Inorganic Phosphate in the Presence of Labile Phosphate Esters92

Bonting-Greenberg-Glick Adaptation of the Taussky and Shorr Modification of the Summer Molybdenum Blue Method for Inorganic Phosphate and Labile Phosphate Esters93

Hirata and Appleman Modification of the Phosphomolybdic Acid Method for Total Phosphorus94

Mokrasch Phosphomolybdic Acid Method for Free Phosphate in the Presenee of Labile Phosphate Compounds95

Michelsen Modification of the Phosphomolybdovanadic Acid Method for Phosphate96

Phosphatases96

Lowry，Roberts，Wu，Hixon，and Crawford Modification of the Bessey，Lowry，and Brock Direct Absorption Method for Alkaline and Acid Phosphatases100

Vescia Direct Absorption Method for Acid Phosphatase102

Seligman，Chauncey，Nachlas，Manheimer，and Ravin Diazo Dye Method for Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases102

Allen and Slater Modification for Alkaline Phosphatase of the Gomori Diazo Dye Method for Esterase104

Lowry，Roberts，Wu，Hixon，and Crawford Molybdenum Blue Method for Adenosinetriphosphatase104

Phosphoglucomutase105

Buell，Lowry，Roberts，Chang，and Kapphahn Molybdenum Blue Method for Phosphoglucomutase106

Phosphoglucoisomerase107

Buell，Lowry，Roberts，Chang，and Kapphahn Fructose Method for Phosphoglucoisomerase108

Aldolase，Phosphofructokinase，and Hexokinase109

Lowry，Roberts，Wu，Hixon，and Crawford Modification of the Sibley and Lehninger Method for Aldolase112

Buell，Lowry，Roberts，Chang，and Kapphahn Aldolase Methods for Phosphofructokinase and Hexokinase113

Sulfur Compounds and Sulfatases115

Spencer Modifications of the Benzidine Method of Dodgson and Spencer for Sulfate119

Spencer Modified Chloranilate Method for Sulfate121

Spencer Modified Benzidine and Chloranilate Methods Adapted to Dodgson and Spencer Procedures for Sulfatases122

Malmstrom and Glick Adaptation of the Direct Absorption Method of Huggins and Smith for Phenol Sulfatase123

Sulfate and Glucuronate Conjugation125

Glick and Stecklein Adaptation of the Bernstein and McGilvery Method for Enzymatic Conjugation of m-Aminophenol125

Total Nitrogen and Ammonia127

Digestion of Sample for Determination of Total Nitrogen127

Brüel，Holter，Linderstrom-Lang and Rozīts Procedure129

Doyle and Omoto Modification131

Shaw and Beadle Modification131

Boell and Shen Modification132

Lubochinsky and Zalta Procedure132

Exley Procedure132

Grunbaum，Schaffer，and Kirk Procedure134

Direct Estimation of Ammonia136

Lubochinsky and Zalta Method137

Brown，Duda，Korkes，and Handler Modification138

Exley Adaptation of the Russell Method139

Estimation of Ammonia after Separation141

Urea142

Engel and Engel Modification of the Xanthydrol Method143

De Nieves and Pike Adaptation of the Archibald Method for Urea145

Uric Acid，Creatine，Creatinine，and Allantoin145

Protein and Proteases146

Lowry，Rosebrough，Farr，and Randall Phenol-Reagent Method for Protein153

Duspiva Adaptation of the Anson Phenol-Reagent Method for Protease154

Nayyar and Glick Adaptation of the Greif Bromsulfalein Binding Method for Protein and Protease155

Lovtrup Adaptation of the Pechmann Color-Liberation Method for Cathepsin and Trypsin157

Martin，Golubow，and Axelrod Direct Absorption Method for Chymotrypsin158

Bundy Direct Absorption Method for Chymotrypsin159

Amino Acid and Peptide160

Copper Methods162

Ninhydrin Methods162

Other Methods163

Kay，Harris，and Entenman Method for Amino Acids Separated by Paper Chromatography164

Woiwod Copper Method for Free Amino-Nitrogen166

Spies Direct Copper Method for Amino Acid168

Grunbaum and Glick Method f or Hydroxyproline168

Prockop and Udenfriend Method for Hydroxyproline170

Hutterer and Singer Method for Hydroxyproline172

Peptidases173

Dye Formation Methods174

Direct Absorption Methods176

Ravin and Seligman Dye Formation Method for Carboxypeptidase177

Green，Tsou，Bressler，and Seligman Dye Formation Method for Leucine Aminopeptidase178

Allen Direct Absorption Method for Dehydropeptidase Ⅰ179

Mitz and Schlueter Direct Absorption Method for Acylase Ⅰ180

Schmitt and Siebert Direct Absorption Method for Peptidase181

Arginase182

Malmgren and Sylvén Adaptation of the Xanthydrol Method for Urea to Determination of Arginase182

Glucose183

Greenberg and Glick Modification of the Glucose Oxidase Method for Glucose185

Glycogen186

Greenberg and Glick Modification of the Glucose Oxidase Method for Glycogen188

Phosphorylases189

Glycogen Phosphorylase189

Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase190

Buell，Lowry，Roberts，Chang，and Kapphahn Modification of the Inorganic Phosphate Method for Glycogen Phosphorylase (Synthesis)191

Greenberg and Glick Modification of Methods for Glycogen Phosphorylase (Degradation and Synthesis)192

Robins，Smith，and McCaman Adaptation of the Kalckar Method for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase194

Hexosamine195

Parekh and Glick Use of the Exley Method for Total Hexosamine197

Heparin199

Parekh and Glick Modification of the Jacques，Monkhouse，and Stewart Metachromatic Dye Method for Heparin200

Hyaluronidase201

Glick，Ottoson，and Edmondson Adaptation of the Tolksdorf et al．Modification of the Turbidimetric Method for Hyaluronidase and Hyaluronidase Inhibitor202

Ascorbic，Dehydroascorbic，and Diketogulonic Acids204

Glick，Alpert，and Stecklein Adaptation of the Indophenol Dye Method for L-Ascorbic Acid and the Dinitrophenylhydrazine Coupling Method for Dehydro-L-Ascorbic plus Diketo-L_Gulonic Acids209

β-Glucuronidase211

Wattenberg and Glick Adaptation of the Phenolphthalein Glucuronide Method for β-Glucuronidase213

β-D-Galactosidase and α- and β-D-Glucosidases214

Cohen，Tsou，Rutenburg，and Seligman Method for β-D-Galactosidase，and Cohen，Rutenburg，Tsou，Woodbury，and Seligman Method for β-D-Glucosidase216

Goldbarg，Tsou，Rutenburg，Rutenburg，and Seligman Method for α-D-Glucosidase218

Pardee，Jacob，and Monod Modification of the Lederberg Method for β-D-Galactosidase219

Nucleic Acids219

Ceriotti，Keck，and Bonting-Jones Adaptations of the Indole Method of Dische for Deoxyribonucleic Acid222

Scott，Fraccastoro，and Taft Ultraviolet Absorption Method for Ribonucleic and Deoxyribonucleic Acids225

Ceriotti Modification of the Orcinol Method for Ribonucleic Acid227

McIntire and Sproull Ultraviolet Absorption Method for Deoyribonucleic Acid228

Edstrom and Edstrom-Zawiak Ultraviolet Absorption Method for Ribonucleic and Deoxyribonucleic Acids and Single Cells229

Deoxyribonuclease and Ribonuclease232

Kurnick and Kurnick-Sandeen Methyl Green Binding Methods for Deoxyribonucleases234

Fiers and Moller Ultraviolet Absorption Method for Ribonuclease235

Houck Turbidimetric Method for Ribonuclease239

Extraction and Fractionation of Lipids240

Schmidt-Nielsen Method for Extraction and Fractionation of Lipids240

Schaffer，Grunbaum，and Kirk Scheme for Extraction and Fractionation of Lipids242

Total Lipid246

Fatty Acid246

Phospholipids and Sphingolipids247

Robins，Lowry，Eydt，and McCaman Adaptation of the Analytical Scheme of Schmidt et al．for Determination of Separate Classes of Phospholipids and Sphingolipids in the Same Sample248

Cholesterol and Cholesterol Esters253

Cavanaugh and Glick Adaptation of the Schoenheimer-Sperry Method for Cholesterol and Cholesterol Esters254

Adaptation by Glick and Lopez to the Cavanaugh-Glick Procedure of Modifications by Brown et al．and Zak and Epstein for Cholesterol and Cholesterol Esters256

Lipolytic Enzymes258

Purr Chromogenic Substrate Method for Esterase260

Sumner，Herr，and Yesair Phenol Method for Esterase262

Seligman and Nachlas Azo Dye Method for Esterase and Lipase263

Doyle，Rappaport，and Doyle Adaptation of the Gomori Azo Dye Method for Esterase265

Cholinesterase265

Lowry，Roberts，Wu，Hixon，and Crawford Phenol Red Method for Cholinesterase268

Ravin，Tsou，and Seligman Azo Dye Method for Nonspecific Cholinesterase270

Coenzyme A271

Greenberg and Glick Procedure of the Adaptation by Malmstrom and Glick of the Sulfanilamide Acetylation Method (Kaplan-Lipmann) for Coenzyme A273

Histamine276

Lowry，Graham，Harris，Priebat，Marks，and Bregman Dinitrofluorobenzene Method for Histamine277

Catalase280

Peroxidase281

Straus N，N-Dimethyl-p-Phenylenediamine Method for Peroxidase282

Cytochrome Oxidase283

Hess and Pope Direct Colorimetric Method for Cytochrome c Oxidase285

Straus N，N-Dimethyl-p-Phenylenediamine Method for Cytochrome c Oxidase286

Sulfhydryl Groups287

Pyridine Nucleotides288

Dehydrogenases291

Methods Based on Measurement of Pyridine Nucleotides291

Lactic，Malic，and Glutamic Dehydrogenases and a-Keto Acids291

Glucose-6-Phosphate and 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenases291

Glutathione Reductase292

Phosphoglycerokinase and Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Dehydrogenase292

Robins，Roberts，Eydt，Lowry，and Smith Quinolylhydrazine Method for Malic，Lactic，and Glutamic Dehydrogenases and a-Keto Acids293

Greenberg and Glick Adaptation of the Direct Absorption Method for Glucose-6-Phosphate and 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenases295

Methods Based on Measurement of Reduced Tetrazolium Salts297

Succinic Dehydrogenase298

Lactic Dehydrogenase300

a-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase300

Influence of CoQ10 on Dehydrogenases300

Glick and Nayyar Soluble-Formazan Method for the Succinie Dehydrogenase System301

Fried，Greenberg，and Antopol Soluble-Formazan Method for Enzymatic a-Glycerophosphate Oxidation303

Nachlas，Margulies，Goldberg，and Seligman Colloidal-Formazan Method for Lactic Dehydrogenase305

Nachlas，Margulies，and Seligman Colloidal-Formazan Method for Succinic Dehydrogenase306

Methods Based on Measurement of Reduced Dichlorophenol-indophenol307

DPN-Diaphorase and Lactic Dehydrogenase307

Succinic Dehydrogenase308

Lactic Dehydrogenase308

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase309

Schemes for Combined Analyses310

Scheme of Paul for determination of Lipid-Phosphorus，Total Lipid，Carbohydrate，Total Nucleic Acid，Deoxyribonucleic Acid，and Protein-Nitrogen in the Same Tissue Sample (1 mg Dry Weight)311

Ⅸ．Titrimetric Techniques317

A．Microliter Burettes317

1．Calibrated Capillary Tube Burettes319

(a) Screw-Drive Burettes319

Linderstrom-Lang and Holter Burettes319

Kirk Burette322

Burette Attachment to Natelson Microgasometer322

(b) Gravitational Burettes322

Conway Burette324

Grunbaum and Kirk Burette327

Pecár Burette327

(c) Calibration328

2．Micrometer Screw Burettes329

Scholander Burette330

Allen Burette331

Commercial Forms333

3．Gravimetric Burettes333

Pecár Burette334

4．Ocular Micrometer Burettes334

Loscalzo and Benedetti-Pichler Burette334

B．Titration Vessels338

C．Potentiometric Burette Assemblies341

Linderstrom-Lang，Palmer，and Holter Assembly341

Other Assemblies for Chloride Titration342

Sisco，Cunningham，and Kirk Assembly342

Grunbaum，Schaffer，and Kirk Assembly343

Hull and Kirk Versatile Differential Electrode Assembly344

Versatile Commercial Assembly345

D．Coulometric Assemblies345

Schreiber and Cooke Assembly347

Ramsay，Brown，and Croghan Assembly348

E．Amperometric Assembly352

F．Methods352

Sodium352

Lindner and Kirk Method for Sodium354

Potassium355

Norberg Method for Potassium356

Schall Method for Potassium358

Sodium and Potassium Combined360

Linderstrom-Lang Method for Sodium and Potassium361

Calcium362

Lindner and Kirk Cerimetric Method for Calcium366

Freier Modification of the Acidimetric Method for Calcium368

Griswold and Pace Complexometric Method for Calcium369

Mori Complexometric Method for Calcium371

Magnesium372

Griswold and Pace Complexometric Method for Magnesium373

Iron373

Chloride374

Linderstrom-Lang，Palmer，and Holter Electrometric Method for Chloride376

Phosphorus and Phosphatase377

Total Nitrogen and Ammonia378

Brüel，Holter，Linderstrom-Lang，and Rozīts Method for Ammonia from Acid Digests，with Subsequent Modifications380

Grunbaum，Schaffer，and Kirk Method for Ammonia from Acid Digests384

Urea385

Kinsey and Robison Method for Urea386

Urease387

Amide，Peptide，and Nitrate Nitrogen387

Borsook and Dubnoff Methods for Amide，Peptide，and Nitrate Nitrogen388

Acid，Alkali，Amino，and Carboxyl Groups390

McConnell Method for a-Amino Acids391

Proteolytic Enzymes392

Linderstrom-Lang and Holter Acidimetric Acetone Method for Proteolytic Enzymes393

Linderstrom-Lang and Duspiva Alkalimetric Alcohol Method for Proteolytic Enzymes394

Weil Formol Method for Trypsin396

Arginase397

LInderstrom-Lang，Weil，and Holter Methods for Arginase397

(a) Urease Method397

(b) Acetone-Alcohol Titration Method398

Reducing Sugars399

Holter and Doyle Modification of the Linderstrom-Lang and Holter Iodometric Method for Reducing Sugars399

Stern and Kirk Modification of the Cerimetric Method for Reducing Sugars400

Amylase401

Glycogen402

Heatley Method for Total Glycogen402

Heatley and Lindahl Method for Desmo- and Lyoglycogen404

Total Fatty Acid404

Schmidt-Nielsen Indicator Titration Method for Total Fatty Acid405

Grunbaum，Schaffer，and Kirk Potentiometric Titration Method for Total Fatty Acid406

Iodine Number of Lipids408

Schmidt-Nielsen Method for Iodine Number409

Grunbaum，and Kirk Method for Iodine Number410

ALiesterase，Lipase，and Cholinesterase413

Glick Acidimetric Method for Aliesterase and Lipase414

Glick Acidimetric Method for Cholinesterase414

Catalase415

Holter and Doyle Adaptation of the Iodometric Method for Catalase416

Von Hahn Adaptation of the Perborate Method for Catalase417

Sulfhydryl Groups417

Ⅹ．Flame Photometric Techniques421

A．Methods Requiring Atomization of Sample Solutions422

B．Methods Requiring Dried Sample on a Platinum Wire425

Ⅺ．Microbiological Techniques429

A．Microscopic Microbiological Assay431