中国蛇类 上2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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第一篇 总论3

第1章　蛇类在自然界的位置及其与人类的关系3

第1节　蛇类在自然界的位置3

第2节　蛇类在人类医药中的价值4

第3节　蛇类的其他经济价值5

第4节　蛇类在维持自然生态平衡中的作用5

第5节　人类啊，你可要仔细思量！5

第2章　蛇类的特征和它们在自然界的近缘7

第1节　蛇类的形态特征7

第2节　蛇类在自然界的近缘7

第3节　怎样区别蛇与蜥蜴8

第3章　蛇亚目的分类研究9

第1节　蛇亚目分类研究的历史概要9

第2节　蛇亚目分类研究的现状13

第3节　中国及其邻国蛇类志或专类著作的编写14

第4节　世界蛇亚目的分科17

第5节　我国蛇类分类研究的若干问题20

第4章　蛇类的生活23

第1节　蛇类的生活方式23

第2节　蛇类的运动24

第3节　蛇类的感官及其功能27

第4节　蛇类的活动规律30

第5节　蛇类的食性和摄食31

第6节　蛇类的繁殖33

第7节　蛇类的生长、蜕皮和寿命35

第5章　我国古代关于蛇类的认识37

第1节　对蛇的分类地位和蛇种类的认识37

第2节　对蛇的形态及生活习性的观察39

第3节　对蛇的解剖、生理及在自然生态平衡中的作用的认识39

第4节　对毒蛇危害的认识40

第5节　对毒蛇咬伤的治疗及其预防思想41

第6节　李时珍在分类方面的贡献41

第6章　现代我国学者对蛇类的科学研究44

第二篇 分类检索63

第1章　分类检索常用名词术语63

第2章　蛇类的测量70

第3章　蛇亚目检索至中国各科71

第4章 中国各科检索至中国各属73

Ⅰ．盲蛇科TYPHLOPIDAE检索至中国各属73

Ⅶ．蝰科VIPERIDAE73

Ⅷ．游蛇科COLUBRIDAE74

Ⅸ．眼镜蛇科ELAPIDAE78

第5章 中国各科、属检索至中国各种81

Ⅰ．盲蛇科各属检索至中国各种81

Ⅲ．闪鳞蛇科闪鳞蛇属检索至中国各种81

Ⅶ．蝰科各属检索至中国各种81

Ⅷ．游蛇科各属检索至中国各种86

Ⅸ．眼镜蛇科各属检索至中国各种98

第三篇 各论103

Ⅰ．盲蛇科TYPHLOPIDAE103

（1）钩盲蛇属Ramphotyphlops Fitzinger,1843103

1．白头钩盲蛇Ramphotyphlops albiceps(Boulenger,1898)103

2．钩盲蛇Ramphotyphlops braminus(Daudin,1803)104

（2）盲蛇属Typhlops Oppel,1811105

3．大盲蛇Typhlops diardii Schlegel,1839105

3a．大盲蛇指名亚种Typhlops diardi diardi Schlegel,1839106

3b．大盲蛇密勒亚种Typhlops diardi muelleri Schlegel,1839106

4．恒春盲蛇Typhlops koshunensis ？shima,1916106

5．香港盲蛇Typhlops lazelli Wallach and Pauwels,2004107

Ⅱ．筒蛇科CYLINDROPHIIDAE108

（3）筒蛇属Cylindrophis Wagler,1828108

6．红尾筒蛇Cylindrophis ruffus(Laurenti,1768)108

6a．红尾筒蛇指名亚种Cylindrophis ruffus ruffus(Laurenti 1768)109

6b．红尾筒蛇缅甸亚种Cylindrophis ruffus burmanus Smith 1943109

Ⅲ．闪鳞蛇科XENOPELTIDAE110

（4）闪鳞蛇属Xenopeltis Reinwardt,1827110

7．海南闪鳞蛇Xenopeltis hainanensis Hu and Zhao,1972110

7a．海南闪鳞蛇指名亚种Xenopeltis hainanensis hainanensis Hu and Zhao,1972111

7b．海南闪鳞蛇大陆亚种Xenopeltis hainanensis jidamingae Zhao,1995111

8．闪鳞蛇Xenopeltis unicolor Reinwardt,1827111

Ⅳ．蟒科BOIDAE112

（5）沙蟒属Eryx Daudin,1803112

9．红沙蟒—东方沙蟒复合体Eryx miliaris-tataricus complex113

9a．红沙蟒Eryx miliaris(Pallas,1773)114

9b．东方沙蟒Eryx tataricus(Lichtenstein,1823)114

Ⅴ．蚺科PYTHONIDAE114

（6）蚺属Pyhon Daudin,1803114

10．蚺Python molurus(Linnaeus,1758)115

10a．蚺双带亚种（蟒蛇）Python molurus bivittatus Kuhl,1820115

Ⅵ．瘰鳞蛇科ACROCHORDIDAE116

（7）瘰鳞蛇属Acrochordus Hornstedt,1787116

11．瘰鳞蛇Acrochordus granulatus(Schneider,1799)116

Ⅶ．蝰科VIPERIDAE117

Ⅶa．白头蝰亚科Azemiopinae117

（8）白头蝰属Azemiops Boulenger,1888117

12．白头蝰Azemiops feae Boulenger,1888117

Ⅶb．蝮亚科Crotalinae118

（9）尖吻蝮属Deinagkistrodon Gloyd,1979119

13．尖吻蝮Deinagkistrodon acutus(Günther,1888)119

（10）亚洲蝮属Gloydius Hoge and Romano-Hoge,1981121

14．短尾蝮Gloydius brevicaudus(Stejneger,1907)121

15．中介蝮Gloydius intermedius(Strauch,1868)123

16．岩栖蝮Gloydius saxatilis(Emelianov,1937)125

17．蛇岛蝮Gloydius shedaoensis(Zhao,1979)126

18．高原蝮Gloydius strauchi(Bedriaga,1912)127

18a．高原蝮指名亚种Gloydius strauchi strauchi(Bedriage,1912)128

18b．高原蝮雪山亚种Gloydius strauchi monticola(Werner,1922)129

19．乌苏里蝮Gloydius ussuriensis(Emelianov,1929)129

（11～14）广义竹叶青蛇属Trimeresurus(sensu lato)Lacepède,1804130

（11）烙铁头蛇属Ovophis Burger,1981131

20．山烙铁头蛇Ovophis monticola(Günther,1864)131

20a．山烙铁头蛇指名亚种Ovophis monticola monticola(Günther,1864)132

20b．山烙铁头蛇台湾亚种Ovophis monticola makazayazaya(Takahashi,1922)133

20c．山烙铁头蛇贡山亚种Ovophis monticola zhaokentangi Zhao,1995133

21．察隅烙铁头蛇Ovophis zayuensis(Jiang,1977)133

（12）原矛头蝮属Protobothrops Hoge and Romano-Hoge,1983134

22．菜花原矛头蝮Protobothrops jerdonii(Günther,1875)134

23．缅北原矛头蝮Protobothrops kaulbacki(Smith,1940)136

24．原矛头蝮Protobothrops mucrosquamatus(Cantor,1839)137

25．乡城原矛头蝮Protobothrops xiangchengensis(Zhao,Jiang,and Huang,1978)138

（13）竹叶青蛇属Trimeresurus Lacepède,1804139

26．白唇竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus albolabris(Gray,1842)139

27．台湾竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus gracilis ？shima,1920140

28．墨脱竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus medoensis Zhao,1977141

29．福建竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt,1925142

29a．福建竹叶青蛇指名亚种Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri Schmidt,1925143

29b．福建竹叶青蛇海南亚种Trimeresurus stejnegeri chenbihuii Zhao,1995144

30．西藏竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus tibetanus Huang,1982144

31．云南竹叶青蛇Trimeresurus yunnanensis Schmidt,1925145

（14）莽山烙铁头蛇属Zhaoermia Gumprecht and Tillack,2004146

32．莽山烙铁头蛇Zhaoermia mangshanensis(Zhao,1990)146

Ⅶc．蝰亚科Viperinae147

（15）圆斑蝰属Daboia Gray,1842148

33．圆斑蝰泰国亚种Daboia russellii siamensis(Smith,1917)148

（16）蝰属Vipera Laurenti,1768149

34．极北蝰Vipera berus(Linnaeus,1758)149

35．草原蝰Vipera ursinii(Bonaparte,1835)151

Ⅷ．游蛇科COLUBRIDAE152

（17）脊蛇属Achalinus Peters,1869152

36．青脊蛇Achalinus ater Bourret,1937152

37．台湾脊蛇Achalinus formosanus Boulenger,1908153

38．海南脊蛇Achalinus hainanus Huang,1975154

39．井冈山脊蛇Achalinus jinggangensis(Zong and Ma,1983)154

40．美姑脊蛇Achalinus meiguensis Hu and Zhao,1966155

41．阿里山脊蛇Achalinus niger Maki,1931156

42．棕脊蛇Achalinus rufescens Boulenger,1888157

43．黑脊蛇Achalinus spinalis Peters,1869157

（18）瘦蛇属Ahaetulla Link,1807158

44．绿瘦蛇Ahaetulla prasina Reinwardt,1827159

（19）腹链蛇属Amphiesma Duméril,Bibron,and Duméril,1854160

45．无颞鳞腹链蛇Amphiesma atemporalis(Bourret,1934)160

46．黑带腹链蛇Amphiesma bitaeniatum(Wall,1925)161

47．白眉腹链蛇Amphiesma boulengeri(Gressitt,1937)162

48．锈链腹链蛇Amphiesma craspedogaster(Boulenger,1899)163

49．棕网腹链蛇Amphiesma johannis(Boulenger,1908)164

50．卡西腹链蛇Amphiesma khasiensis(Boulenger,1890)164

51．瓦屋山腹链蛇Amphiesma metusium Inger,Zhao,Shaffer,and Wu,1990165

52．台北腹链蛇Amphiesma miyajimae(Maki,1931)166

53．腹斑腹链蛇Amphiesma modestum(Günther,1875)166

54．八线腹链蛇Amphiesma octolineatum(Boulenger,1904)167

55．丽纹腹链蛇Amphiesma optatum(Hu and Zhao,1966)168

56．双带腹链蛇Amphiesma parallelum(Boulenger,1890)169

57．平头腹链蛇Amphiesma platyceps(Blyth,1854)170

58．坡普腹链蛇Amphiesma popei(Schmidt,1925)171

59．棕黑腹链蛇Amphiesma sauteri(Boulenger,1909)171

59a．棕黑腹链蛇指名亚种Amphiesma sauteri sauteri(Boulenger,1909)172

59b．棕黑腹链蛇华西亚种Amphiesma sauteri maxima Malnate,1962173

59c．棕黑腹链蛇越北亚种Amphiesma sauteri bourreti Malnate,1962173

60．草腹链蛇Amphiesma stolatum(Linnaeus,1758)173

61．缅北腹链蛇Amphiesma venningi(Wall,1910)174

61a．缅北腹链蛇指名亚种Amphiesma venningi venningi(Wall,1910)175

61b．缅北腹链蛇他弄亚种Amphiesma venningi taronensis(Smith,1943)175

62．东亚腹链蛇Amphiesma vibakari(Boie,1826)175

62a．东亚腹链蛇指名亚种Amphiesma vibakari vibakari(Boie,1826)176

62b．东亚腹链蛇大陆亚种Amphiesma vibakari ruthveni(VanDenburgh,1923)176

（20）白眶蛇属Amphiesmoides Malnate,1961176

63．白眶蛇Amphiesmoides ornaticeps(Werner,1924)176

（21）滇西蛇属Atretium Cope,1861177

64．滇西蛇Atretium yunnanensis Anderson,1879177

（22）珠光蛇属Blythia Theobald,1868178

65．珠光蛇Blythia reticulata(Blyth,1854)178

（23）林蛇属Boiga Fitzinger,1826179

66．绿林蛇Boiga cyanea(Duméril,Bibron,and Duméril,1854)179

67．广西林蛇Boiga guangxiensis Wen,1998180

68．绞花林蛇Boiga kraepelini Stejneger,1902181

69．繁花林蛇Boiga multomaculata(Reinwardt,1827)182

（24）两头蛇属Calamaria Boie,1826183

70．尖尾两头蛇Calamaria pavimentata Duméril,Bibron,and Duméril,1854183

71．钝尾两头蛇Calamaria septentrionalis Boulenger,1890184

72．云南两头蛇Calamaria yunnanensis Chernov,1962184

（25）金花蛇属Chrysopelea Boie,1826185

73．金花蛇Chrysopelea ornata(Shaw,1802)185

（26）游蛇属Coluber Linnaeus,1758186

74．花脊游蛇Coluber ravergieri Ménétriés,1832187

75．黄脊游蛇Coluber spinalis(Peters,1866)188

（27）翠青蛇属Cyclophiops Boulenger,1888189

76．纯绿翠青蛇Cyclophiops doriae(Boulenger,1888)189

77．翠青蛇Cyclophiops major(Günther,1858)189

78．横纹翠青蛇Cyclophiops multicinctus(Roux,1907)190

（28）过树蛇属Dendrelaphis Boulenger,1890191

79．喜山过树蛇Dendrelaphis gorei(Wall,1910)191

80．过树蛇Dendrelaphis pictus(Gmelin,1789)192

81．八莫过树蛇Dendrelaphis subocularis(Boulenger,1888)193

（29）链蛇属Dinodon Duméril,1853193

82．黄链蛇Dinodonflavozonatum Pope,1928194

83．粉链蛇Dinodon rosozonatum Hu and Zhao,1972194

84．赤链蛇Dinodon rufozonatum(Cantor,1842)195

85．白链蛇Dinodon septentrionale(Günther,1875)196

（30）锦蛇属Elaphe Fitzinger,1833197

86．赤峰锦蛇Elaphe anomala(Boulenger,1916)197

87．双斑锦蛇Elaphe bimaculata Schmidt,1925198

88．王锦蛇Elaphe carinata(Günther,1864)199

89．团花锦蛇Elaphe davidi(Sauvage,1884)200

90．白条锦蛇Elaphe dione(Pallas,1773)201

91．灰腹绿锦蛇Elaphe frenata(Gray,1853)202

92．南峰锦蛇Elaphe hodgsonii(Günther,1860)203

93．玉斑锦蛇Elaphe mandarina(Cantor,1842)204

94．百花锦蛇Elaphe moellendorffi(Boettger,1886)205

95．横斑锦蛇Elaphe perlacea Stejneger,1929206

96．紫灰锦蛇Elaphe porphyracea(Cantor,1839)207

96a．紫灰锦蛇指名亚种Elaphe porphyracea porphyracea(Cantor,1839)207

96b．紫灰锦蛇海南亚种Elaphe porphyracea hainana Mell,1931208

96c．紫灰锦蛇黑线亚种Elaphe porphyracea nigrofasciata(Cantor,1839)208

97．绿锦蛇Elaphe prasina(Blyth,1854）208

98．三索锦蛇Elaphe radiata(Schlegel,1837)209

99．棕黑锦蛇Elaphe schrenckii(Strauch,1873)210

100．黑眉锦蛇Elaphe taeniura Cope,1861210

（31）水蛇属Enhydris Latreille,1801212

101．黑斑水蛇Enhydris bennettii(Gray,1842)212

102．中国水蛇Enhydris chinensis(Gray,1842)213

103．铅色水蛇Enhydris plumbea(Boie,1827)214

（32）滑鳞蛇属Liopeltis Fitzinger,1843214

104．滑鳞蛇Liopeltis frenatus(Günther,1858)215

（33）白环蛇属Lycodon Boie,1826215

105．白环蛇Lycodon aulicus(Linnaeus,1758)215

106．双全白环蛇Lycodon fasciatus(Anderson,1879)216

107．老挝白环蛇Lycodon laoensis Günther,1864217

108．黑背白环蛇Lycodon ruhstrati(Fischer,1886)217

109．细白环蛇Lycodon subcinctus Reinwardt,1827218

（34）颈棱蛇属Macropisthodon Boulenger,1893219

110．颈棱蛇Macropisthodon rudis Boulenger,1906219

110a．颈棱蛇指名亚种Macropisthodon rudis rudis Boulenger,1906220

110b．颈棱蛇西昌亚种Macropisthodon rudis multiprefrontalis Zhao and Jiang,1981220

（35）水游蛇属Natrix Laurenti,1768221

111．水游蛇Natrix natrix(Linnaeus,1758)221

112．棋斑水游蛇Natrix tessellata(Laurenti,1768)222

（36）小头蛇属Oligodon Boie,1827223

113．喜山小头蛇Oligodon albocinctus(Cantor,1839)223

114．方花小头蛇Oligodon bellus(Stanley,1917)224

115．菱斑小头蛇Oligodon catenata(Blyth,1854)224

116．中国小头蛇Oligodon chinensis(Günther,1888)225

117．紫棕小头蛇Oligodon cinereus(Günther,1864)226

117a．紫棕小头蛇指名亚种Oligodon cinereus cinereus(Günther,1864)227

117b．紫棕小头蛇三岛山亚种Oligodon cinereus tamdaoensis(Bourret,1935)227

118．管状小头蛇Oligodon cyclurus(Cantor,1839)227

119．台湾小头蛇Oligodon formosanus(Günther,1872)228

120．泰北小头蛇Oligodon joynsoni(Smith,1917)229

121．圆斑小头蛇Oligodon lacroixi Angel and Bourret,1933229

122．龙胜小头蛇Oligodon lungshenensis Cheng and Huang,1978230

123．黑带小头蛇Oligodon melanozonatus Wall,1922231

124．横纹小头蛇Oligodon multizonatus Zhao and Jiang,1981232

125．宁陕小头蛇Oligodon ningshaanensis Yuan,1983232

126．饰纹小头蛇Oligodon ornatus VanDenburgh,1909233

127．四线小头蛇Oligodon taeniatus Günther,1861234

（37）滞卵蛇属Oocatochus Helfenberger,2001235

128．红纹滞卵蛇Oocatochus rufodorsatus(Cantor,1842)235

（38）后棱蛇属Opisthotropis Günther,1872236

129．香港后棱蛇Opisthotropis andersonii(Boulenger,1888)236

130．横纹后棱蛇Opisthotropis balteata(Cope,1895)237

131．莽山后棱蛇Opisthotropis cheni Zhao,1999238

132．广西后棱蛇Opisthotropis guangxiensis Zhao,Jiang,and Huang,1978238

133．沙坝后棱蛇Opisthotropts jacobi Angel and Bourret,1933239

134．挂墩后棱蛇Opisthotropis kuatunensis Pope,1928240

135．侧条后棱蛇Opisthotropis lateralis Boulenger,1903240

136．山溪后棱蛇Opisthotropis latouchii(Boulenger,1899)241

137．福建后棱蛇Opisthotropis maxwelli Boulenger,1914242

138．老挝后棱蛇Opisthotropis praemaxillaris(Angel,1929)242

（39）钝头蛇属Pareas Wagler,1830243

139．平鳞钝头蛇Pareas boulengeri(Angel,1920)244

140．棱鳞钝头蛇Pareas carinatus(Boie,1828)244

141．台湾钝头蛇—中国钝头蛇复合体Pareas formosensis-chinensis complex245

142．缅甸钝头蛇Pareas hamptoni(Boulenger,1905)247

143．横纹钝头蛇Pareas margaritophorus(Jan,1866)248

144．喜山钝头蛇Pareas monticola(Cantor,1839)249

145．福建钝头蛇Pareas stanleyi(Boulenger,1914)250

（40）颈斑蛇属Plagiopholis Boulenger,1893251

146．颈斑蛇Plagiopholis blakewayi Boulenger,1893251

147．缅甸颈斑蛇Plagiopholis nuchalis(Boulenger,1893)252

148．福建颈斑蛇Plagiopholis styani(Boulenger,1899)252

149．云南颈斑蛇Plagiopholis unipostocularis Zhao,Jiang,and Huang,1978253

（41）紫沙蛇属Psammodynastes Günther,1858254

150．紫沙蛇Psammodynastes pulverulentus(Boie,1827)254

150a．紫沙蛇指名亚种Psammodynastes pulverulentus pulverulentus(Boie,1827)255

150b．紫沙蛇台湾亚种Psammodynastes pulverulentus papenfussi Zhao,1995255

（42）花条蛇属Psammophis Fitzinger,1826256

151．花条蛇Psammophis lineolatus(Brandt,1838)256

（43）斜鳞蛇属Pseudoxenodon Boulenger,1890257

152．横纹斜鳞蛇Pseudoxenodon bambusicola Vogt,1922257

153．崇安斜鳞蛇Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti Pope,1928258

153a．崇安斜鳞蛇指名亚种Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti karlschmidti Pope,1928258

153b．崇安斜鳞蛇海南亚种Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti popei Gressitt,1936259

153c．崇安斜鳞蛇罗香亚种Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti sinii Fan,1931259

154．大眼斜鳞蛇Pseudoxenodon macrops(Blyth,1854)259

154a．大眼斜鳞蛇指名亚种Pseudoxenodon macrops macrops(Blyth,1854)260

154b．大眼斜鳞蛇福建亚种Pseudoxenodon macrops fukienensis Pope,1928260

154c．大眼斜鳞蛇中华亚种Pseudoxenodon macrops sinensis Boulenger,1904261

155．纹尾斜鳞蛇Pseudoxenodon stejnegeri Barbour,1908261

155a．纹尾斜鳞蛇指名亚种Pseudoxenodon stejnegeri stejnegeri Barbour,1908261

155b．纹尾斜鳞蛇大陆亚种Pseudoxenodon stejnegeri striaticaudatus Pope,1928262

（44）鼠蛇属Ptyas Fitzinger,1843262

156．灰鼠蛇Ptyas korros(Schlegel,1837)262

157．滑鼠蛇Ptyas mucosus(Linnaeus,1758)263

（45）颈槽蛇属Rhabdophis Fitzinger,1843264

158．海南颈槽蛇Rhabdophis adleri Zhao,1997265

159．喜山颈槽蛇Rhabdophis himalayanus(Günther,1864)265

160．缅甸颈槽蛇Rhabdophis leonardi(Wall,1923)266

161．黑纹颈槽蛇Rhabdophis nigrocinctus(Blyth,1856)267

162．颈槽蛇Rhabdophis nuchalis(Boulenger,1891)268

163．九龙颈槽蛇Rhabdophis pentasupralabialis Jiang and Zhao,1983268

164．红脖颈槽蛇Rhabdophis subminiatus(Schlegel,1837)269

164a．红脖颈槽蛇指名亚种Rhabdophis subminiatus subminiatus(Schlegel,1837)270

164b．红脖颈槽蛇北方亚种Rhabdophis subminiatus helleri(Schmidt,1925)270

165．台湾颈槽蛇Rhabdophis swinhonis(Günther,1868)270

166．虎斑颈槽蛇Rhabdophis tigrinus(Boie,1826)271

166a．虎斑颈槽蛇台湾亚种Rhabdophis tigrinus formosanus(Maki,1931)272

166b．虎斑颈槽蛇大陆亚种Rhabdophis tigrinus lateralis(Berthold,1859)273

（46）黄腹杆蛇属Rhabdops Boulenger,1893273

167．黄腹杆蛇Rhabdops bicolor(Blyth,1854)273

（47）尖喙蛇属Rhynchophis Mocquard,1897274

168．尖喙蛇Rhynchophis boulengeri Mocquard,1897274

（48）剑蛇属Sibynophis Fitzinger,1843275

169．黑头剑蛇Sibynophis chinensis(Günther,1889)275

169a．黑头剑蛇指名亚种Sibynophis chinensis chinensis(Günther,1889)276

169b．黑头剑蛇云贵高原亚种Sibynophis chinensis grahami(Boulenger,1904)276

169c．黑头剑蛇米易亚种Sibynophis chinensis miyiensis Zhao and Kou,1987276

170．黑领剑蛇Sibynophis collaris(Gray,1853)277

（49）华游蛇属Sinonatrix Rossman and Eberle,1977278

171．环纹华游蛇Sinonatrix aequifasciata(Barbour,1908)278

172．赤链华游蛇Sinonatrix annularis(Hallowell,1856)279

173．乌华游蛇Sinonatrix percarinata(Boulenger,1899)280

173a．乌华游蛇指名亚种Sinonatrix percarinata percarinata(Boulenger,1899)281

173b．乌华游蛇台湾亚种Sinonatrix percarinata suriki(Maki,1931)281

（50）温泉蛇属Thermophis Malnate,1953282

174．温泉蛇Thermophis baileyi(Wall,1907)282

（51）坭蛇属Trachischium Günther,1858283

175．山坭蛇Trachischium monticola(Cantor,1839)283

176．小头坭蛇Trachischium tenuiceps(Blyth,1854)284

（52）渔游蛇属Xenochrophis Günther,1864285

177．渔游蛇Xenochrophis piscator(Schneider,1799)285

（53）乌梢蛇属Zaocys Cope,1861286

178．黑网乌梢蛇Zaocys carinatus(Günther,1858)286

179．乌梢蛇Zaocys dhumnades(Cantor,1842)287

180．黑线乌梢蛇Zaocys nigromarginatus(Blyth,1854)288

Ⅸ．眼镜蛇科ELAPIDAE289

Ⅸa．眼镜蛇亚科Elapinae290

（54）环蛇属Bungarus Daudin,1803290

181．环蛇Bungarus bungaroides(Cantor,1839)291

182．金环蛇Bungarus fasciatus(Schneider,1801)291

183．银环蛇Bungarus multicinctus Blyth,1860292

183a．银环蛇指名亚种Bungarus multicinctus multicinctus Blyth,1860293

183b．银环蛇云南亚种Bungarus multicinctus wanghaotingi Pope,1928293

（55）眼镜蛇属Naja Laurenti,1768293

184．舟山眼镜蛇Naja atra Cantor,1842294

185．孟加拉眼镜蛇Naja kaouthia Lesson,1831295

（56）眼镜王蛇属Ophiophagus Günther,1864295

186．眼镜王蛇Ophiophagus hannah(Cantor,1836)296

（57）中华珊瑚蛇属Sinomicrurus Slowinski,Boundy,and Lawson,2001297

187．福建华珊瑚蛇Sinomicrurus kelloggi(Pope,1928)297

188．中华珊瑚蛇Sinomicrurus macclellandi(Reinhardt,1844)298

188a．中华珊瑚蛇指名亚种Sinomicrurus macclellandi macclellandi(Reinhardt,1844)299

188b．中华珊瑚蛇台湾亚种Sinomicrurus macclellandi formosansis(Thompson,1912)299

188c．中华珊瑚蛇脊纹亚种Sinomicrurus macclellandi univirgatus(Günther,1858)299

189．台湾华珊瑚蛇Sinomicrurus sauteri(Steindachner,1913)299

Ⅸb．海蛇亚科Hydrophiinae300

（58）扁尾海蛇属Laticauda Laurenti,1768303

190．蓝灰扁尾海蛇Laticauda colubrina(Schneider,1799)303

191．扁尾海蛇Laticauda laticaudata(Linnaeus,1758)304

192．半环扁尾海蛇Laticauda semifasciata(Reinwardt,1837)304

（59）棘眦海蛇属Acalyptophis Boulenger,1896305

193．棘眦海蛇Acalyptophis peronii(Duméril,1853)305

（60）棘鳞海蛇属Astrotia Fischer,1855306

194．棘鳞海蛇Astrotia stokesii(Gray,1846)306

（61）龟头海蛇属Emydocephalus Krefft,1869307

195．龟头海蛇Emydocephalus ijimae Stejneger,1898307

（62）海蛇属Hydrophis Latreille,1801308

196．青灰海蛇Hydrophis caerulescens(Shaw,1802)308

197．青环海蛇Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin,1803309

198．环纹海蛇Hydrophis fasciatus(Schneider,1799)309

199．小头海蛇Hydrophis gracilis(Shaw,1802)310

200．黑头海蛇Hydrophis melanocephalus Gray,1849311

201．淡灰海蛇Hydrophis ornatus(Gray,1842)312

（63）截吻海蛇属Kerilia Gray,1849312

202．截吻海蛇Kerilia jerdonii Gray,1849313

（64）平颏海蛇属Lapemis Gray,1835313

203．平颏海蛇Lapemis curtus(Shaw,1802)313

（65）长吻海蛇属Pelamis Daudin,1803314

204．长吻海蛇Pelamis platurus(Linnaeus,1766)314

（66）海蝰属Praescutata Wall,1921315

205．海蝰Praescutata viperina(Schmidt,1852)316

附记1．腹斑水蛇Enhydris bocourti(Jan,1865)316

附记2．越南烙铁头蛇Ovophis tonkinensis(Bourret,1934)317

选择参考文献319

附录一 中国蛇类拉丁学名、中名和英名对照321

附录二 中国蛇类同物异名对照334

附录三 蛇类人工养殖339

附录四 毒蛇咬伤防治347

索引355

拉丁学名索引355

中文名称索引360

英文名称索引365