材料科学与工程基础 英文2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Chapter 1 Crystalline Structures and Imperfections1

1.1 Introduction1

1.2 Classification of Materials1

1.3 Structure of Atoms3

1.4 Ideal Crystal,Space Lattice and Unit Cells4

1.5 Crystal Structures and Bravais Lattices5

1.6 Cubic Unit Cells6

1.7 Basic Crystalline Structures in Metals7

1.8 Packing Factor9

1.9 Directions and Planes in Crystalline Structures10

1.9.1 Directions in Cubic Unit Cell10

1.9.2 Miller Indices for Crystallographic Planes in Cubic Unit Cell11

1.9.3 Linear Density and Planar Density in Crystalline Structures12

1.10 Crystalline Imperfections13

1.10.1 Point Defects14

1.10.2 Linear Defects(Dislocations)15

1.10.3 P1anar Defects(Grain Boundaries)16

1.10.4 Metallographic Examination17

Problems18

Chapter 2 Mechanical Properties of Metals21

2.1 Introduction21

2.2 Materials Relationship21

2.3 Tensile Properties22

2.3.1 Linear-Elastic Region and Elastic Constants23

2.3.2 Yield Point24

2.3.3 Ultimate Tensile Strength25

2.3.4 Measures of Ductility(Elongation and Reduction of Area)26

2.4 Mechanism of Elastic and Plastic Deformation27

2.4.1 Metallic Bond27

2.4.2 Mechanism of Elastic Deformation28

2.4.3 Mechanism of Plastic Deformation29

2.5 Other Mechanical Properties32

2.5.1 Compressive Properties32

2.5.2 Shear Properties33

2.5.3 Impact Toughness33

2.6 Work Hardening34

2.6.1 Annealing of Work-hardened Materials36

2.6.2 Hot Working and Cold Working38

2.7 Hardness Test39

2.7.1 Introduction39

2.7.2 Brinell Hardness Test39

2.7.3 Rockwell Hardness Test40

2.7.4 Vickers Hardness Test41

2.7.5 Scleroscope Hardness Tests43

Problems43

Chapter 3 Binary Phase Diagram45

3.1 Introduction45

3.2 Metallic Solid Solutions45

3.2.1 Substitutional Solid Solutions46

3.2.2 Interstitial Solid Solutions47

3.3 Binary Isomorphous Alloy Systems48

3.4 Construction of Phase Diagrams49

3.4.1 Cooling Curve50

3.4.2 Experimental Methods to Determine Phase Change Points51

3.5 Solidification of Solid Solution Alloy52

3.6 Binary Eutectic Alloy Systems54

3.6.1 Slow Cooling of a Pb-Sn Alloy of Eutectic Composition55

3.6.2 Slow Cooling of a 65％ Pb-35％ Sn Alloy56

3.6.3 Slow Cooling of a 16％ Pb-84％ Sn Alloy56

3.7 Binary Eutectoid Reactions57

3.8 Binary Peritectic Alloy Systems58

3.9 Phase Diagram with Intermediate Phases and Compounds60

Problems61

Chapter 4 Iron-Carbon Equilibrium Diagram63

4.1 Introduction63

4.2 Polymorphism and Allotropy64

4.3 Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram65

4.3.1 Effect of Carbon on the Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram65

4.3.2 Solid Phases in the Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram65

4.3.3 Transformation Temperatures and Lines67

4.4 Invariant Reactions in the Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram68

4.5 Slow Cooling of Plain carbon Steels68

4.5.1 Eutectoid Plain-carbon Steel68

4.5.2 Hypoeutectoid Plain-carbon Steels70

4.5.3 Hypereutectoid Plain-carbon Steels72

4.6 Cast Irons73

4.6.1 General Properties73

4.6.2 Types of Cast Irons74

Problems79

Chapter 5 Heat Treatment of Steels82

5.1 Introduction82

5.1.1 Heating Temperatures and Time82

5.1.2 Cooling Rates83

5.2 Critical Temperatures83

5.3 Time-Temperature-Transformation(TTT Diagram)85

5.4 Microstructures at Fast Cooling89

5.4.1 Bainite89

5.4.2 Martensite91

5.5 General Purposes of Heat Treatment95

5.6 Types of Heat Treatment96

5.6.1 Annealing96

5.6.2 Normalizing98

5.6.3 Hardening and Tempering99

5.7 Case Hardening108

5.7.1 Atomic Diffusion in Solids108

5.7.2 Case Hardening of Steel by Gas Carburizing110

Problems111

Chapter 6 Carbon and Alloy Steels113

6.1 Introduction113

6.2 Plain-carbon Steels114

6.2.1 AISI-SAE Classification System for Plain-carbon Steels114

6.2.2 Chinese National Standard Classification System for Plain-carbon Steels114

6.2.3 Characteristics and Applications of Plain-carbon Steels117

6.3 Low-alloy Steels119

6.3.1 Effect of Alloying Elements in Steels119

6.3.2 Effects of Alloying Elements on the Critical Temperature of the Fe-Fe3C Diagram123

6.3.3 Classification of Low-alloy Steels125

6.4 Tool Steels129

6.4.1 Water-hardening Tool Steels(W-type)130

6.4.2 Shock-resistant Tool Steels(S-type)131

6.4.3 Cold-work(Oil-hardening)Tool Steels(O-type)132

6.4.4 Cold-work(Medium-alloy,Air-hardening)Tool Steels(A-type)133

6.4.5 Cold-work(high-carbon,high-chromium)Tool Steels(D-type)135

6.4.6 Hot-work Tool Steels(H-type)136

6.4.7 High-speed Tool Steels(T and M types)139

6.5 Stainless Steels141

6.5.1 Ferritic Stainless Steels142

6.5.2 Martensitic Stainless Steels143

6.5.3 Austenitic Stainless Steels143

6.5.4 Duplex Stainless Steels144

6.6 Chinese National Standard Classification System for Alloy Steels145

6.6.1 Low Alloy High Strength Structural Steels145

6.6.2 Alloy Carburizing Steels146

6.6.3 Quenched＆High Temperature Tempered Alloy Steels147

6.6.4 Alloy Spring Steels149

6.6.5 Gear Steels150

6.6.6 Alloy Tool Steels151

6.6.7 High Speed Tool Steels152

6.6.8 Stainless Steels152

Problems154

Chapter 7 Nonferrous Metals and Its Alloys156

7.1 Introduction156

7.2 Aluminum and Its Alloys156

7.2.1 A1uminum Alloy Temper and Designation System157

7.2.2 Aluminum Alloys and Their Characteristics161

7.2.3 Precipitation Strengthening of Aluminum Alloys163

7.2.4 Precipitation Strengthening of an Al-4％ Cu Alloy166

7.2.5 Aluminum Casting Alloys170

7.3 Copper and Its Alloys171

7.3.1 Introduction171

7.3.2 Copper Alloys172

7.4 Titanium and Its Alloys173

7.4.1 Introduction173

7.4.2 Pure Titanium174

7.4.3 Titanium Alloy Systems and Phase Diagrams174

7.4.4 Classification of Titanium Alloys176

7.5 Magnesium and Its Alloys177

7.5.1 Introduction177

7.5.2 Classification of Magnesium Alloys177

7.5.3 Structure and Properties178

Problems178

References180

APPENDIX Ⅰ Definitions182

APPENDIX Ⅱ Conversion Factors to SI Units190