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CHAPTER 1 PHILOSOPHY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION1

Ⅰ.Introduction1

Ⅱ.Greek Rationalism1

Ⅲ.The Middle Ages6

Ⅳ.The Renaissance7

Ⅴ.Modern Philosophy11

Ⅵ.Modern Philosophical Trends13

Ⅶ.Summary17

CHAPTER 2 GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM22

Ⅰ.Introduction22

Ⅱ.General Characteristics of the United Kingdom23

Ⅲ.Water: The Key Geographical Feature27

Ⅳ.Geographical History27

Ⅴ.Surface Features and Geography—by Political Region28

Ⅵ.Current Situation39

Ⅶ.Commonwealth40

CHAPTER 3 HISTORY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM45

Ⅰ.Prehistory to the Norman Conquest45

Ⅱ.The Making of a Nation: From the Norman Conquest to the Renaissance50

Ⅲ.The Tudors: Sea Power and Protestantism56

Ⅳ.Founding of the British Empire65

Ⅴ.England in Revolution: Representative and Constitutional Government69

Ⅵ.England in the Eighteenth Century: The Age of Reason78

Ⅶ.Napoleonic Wars and a Century of Slow Reforms86

Ⅷ.Nineteenth Century Imperialism91

Ⅸ.Twentieth-Century England: Crisis of Identity93

Appendixes104

CHAPTER 4 BRITISH ECONOMY114

Ⅰ.Introduction114

Ⅱ.Highlights of Britain’s Economic Development114

Ⅲ.Britain’s Prosperity Today117

Ⅳ.Britain’s Economic System: A Unique Mix120

Ⅴ.Consumer Expenditure125

Ⅵ.Industrial Structure and Output126

Ⅶ.International Trade126

Ⅷ.Taxation and Public Spending128

Ⅸ.Economic Policy130

CHAPTER 5 BRITISH CULTURE134

Ⅰ.Introduction134

Ⅱ.The British People—General Traits134

Ⅲ.Entertainment140

Ⅳ.Conclusion145

CHAPTER 6 BRITISH EDUCATION148

Ⅰ.Introduction148

Ⅱ.Medieval England — Church and Class148

Ⅲ.Renaissance Education152

Ⅳ.Eighteenth Century — What Is Correct English155

Ⅴ.Nineteenth Century — Class Struggle and Change156

Ⅵ.Twentieth Century — Reform, Socialism and Conservatism159

Ⅶ.Conclusion164

CHAPTER 7 GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES166

Ⅰ.Introduction166

Ⅱ.Economic Activities166

Ⅲ.Rural, Suburban, and Urban Living Patterns168

Ⅳ.Physiographic Subdivisions of the United States172

Ⅴ.Summary: The United States— “A Land of Contrasts”193

CHAPTER 8 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES199

Ⅰ.Introduction199

Ⅱ.Native Americans199

Ⅲ.Colonial North America200

Ⅳ.The Founding of the United States203

Ⅴ.Forming a New Nation205

Ⅵ.Nationalism and the Economy210

Ⅶ.Westward Expansion211

Ⅷ.The Industrial Revolution and Social Reforms213

Ⅸ.The American Civil War and Reconstruction216

Ⅹ.Industrialization, Capitalism, and Monopolies221

Ⅺ.The United States Becomes a World Power226

Ⅻ.The Post World War Ⅰ Period228

ⅩⅢ.World War Ⅱ232

ⅩⅣ.The Post World War Ⅱ Period: The Cold War234

ⅩⅤ.The Post War Period: Domestic Issues237

ⅩⅣ.Conclusion243

Appendixes244

CHAPTER 9 BRITISH AND AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS250

Ⅰ.Introduction250

Ⅱ.Politics251

Ⅲ.Political Legitimacy253

Ⅳ.Absolutism and Constitutionalism257

Ⅴ.Democracy259

Ⅵ.Indirect or Representative Democracy262

Ⅶ.Elections264

Ⅷ.The Assembly Model266

Ⅸ.Conclusion267

Appendixes267

CHAPTER 10 THE ECONOMY OF THE UNITED STATES277

Ⅰ.Introduction and Overview277

Ⅱ.History and Growth277

Ⅲ.Commercial and Nonprofit Firms278

Ⅳ.Households282

Ⅴ.Government and the Economy284

Ⅵ.International Trade290

Ⅶ.Problems and Challenges for the US Economy292

CHAPTER 11 AMERICAN SOCIETY296

Ⅰ.Introduction296

Ⅱ.Individuals296

Ⅲ.Families301

Ⅳ.Groups301

Ⅴ.Organizations302

Ⅵ.Socioeconomic Classes, Status and Roles304

Ⅶ.Race and Ethnicity306

Ⅷ.Other Social Issues310

Ⅸ.Social Changes and Global Connections313

CHAPTER 12 AMERICAN CULTURE317

Ⅰ.Introduction317

Ⅱ.Materialism and the Mass Media317

Ⅲ.Individual Style and Personal Rites of Passage318

Ⅳ.Manners321

Ⅴ.Food and Meals322

Ⅵ.Housing324

Ⅶ.Pets325

Ⅷ.Leisure Activities326

Ⅸ.Holidays328

Ⅹ.American Values332

CHAPTER 13 EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES336

Ⅰ.Introduction336

Ⅱ.Issues in American Basic Education340

Ⅲ.Higher Education344

Ⅳ.Conclusion349

后记351