电磁学及其应用 第5版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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1 Introduction1

1-1 Electromagnetics: Its Importance1

1-2 Dimensions and Units2

1-3 Fundamental and Secondary Units2

1-4 How to Read the Symbols and Notation5

1-5 Equation and Problem Numbering7

1-6 Vector Analysis8

Introduction8

Scalars and Vectors9

Vector Addition and Subtraction9

Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar11

Rectangular Coordinates and the Resolution of a Vector into Components12

The Scalar or Dot Product of Two Vectors13

The Line Integral15

The Surface Integral18

The Volume Integral21

Vector or Cross-Product of Two Vectors22

1-7 Inroduction to Coordinate Systems24

Coordinate Tables27

Problems30

2 Electric and Magnetic Fields35

2-1 Introduction35

2-2 Electric Fields35

Electric Charge Q and Electric Field E35

2-3 Electrie Potential V and Its Gradient E39

Superposition of Potential44

2-4 Electric Field Streamlines and Equipotential Contours; Orthogonality47

2-5 Multiconductor Transmission Lines48

Line Charges48

2-6 Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density (or Displacement): Gauss s Law51

Surface Charge, Uniform Case51

Surface Charge, Nonuniform Case52

Volume Charge and Gauss s Law54

2-7 Divergence56

Poisson s and Laplace s Equations58

2-8 Boundary Conditions; Dielectric Media59

2-9 Capacitors and Capacitance;Capacitor Cells61

Capacitor Energy and Energy Density64

2-10 Twin-Strip and Microstrip Transmission Lines65

2-11 Electric Currents68

Electric Current and Current Density68

Resistance and Conductance;Resistivity and Conductivity70

Ohm s Law71

Ohm s Law at a Point and Current Density72

Power and Joule s Law73

Dielectrics, Conductors, and Semiconductors Compared-An Overview73

Conductor Cells76

Boundary Conditions; Conducting Media79

Potential and emf80

2-12 Magnetic Fields of Electric Currents81

Magnetic Flux Ψm and Magnetic Flux Density B; Gauss s Law86

Lorentz Force or Motor Equation87

Inductance, Inductors, Energy, and Energy Density89

Inductor Energy and Energy Density92

Inductor Cells92

2-13 Changing Magnetic Fields, Induction, and Faraday s Law96

2-14 Examples of Induction99

Motion and Time-Changing Induction99

Coupling, Cross Talk, and Mutual Inductance105

2-15 Curl108

2-16 Maxwell s Equations112

Problems115

3 Transmission Lines119

3-1 Introduction119

3-2 Circuit Theory119

3-3 Field Theory123

The Microstrip Transmission Line127

Transmission Line Impedance Formulas130

Energy, Power, and Poynting Vector133

3-4 The Terminated Uniform Transmission Line and VSWR137

Impedance Matching; the Smith Chart145

Using a Smith Chart146

Stub Tuning151

3-5 Bandwidth155

3-6 Pulses and Transients162

The λ/4 Transformer162

Important Conclusions165

Problems166

4 Wave Propagation, Attenuation, Polarization, Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction169

4-1 Introduction169

4-2 Waves in Space169

4-3 Traveling Waves and Standing Waves175

4-4 Conductors and Dielectrics178

4-5 Conducting Media and Lossy Lines181

4-6 Dielectric Hysteresis and Dielectric Loss187

4-7 Plane Waves at Interfaces and Analogous Transmission Lines189

Wave Absorption with Conducting Sheet(Salisbury Sheet)196

Wave Absorption with Ferrite-Titanate Medium197

4-8 Relative Phase Velocity and Index of Refraction201

4-9 Group Velocity203

4-10 Power and Energy Relations207

4-11 Linear, Elliptical, and Circular Polarization211

4-12 Poynting Vector for Elliptically and Circularly Polarized Waves214

4-13 The Polarization Ellipse and the Poincaré Sphere215

4-14 Oblique Incidence: Reflection and Refraction219

Perpendicular Case(EI)219

Parallel Case(EII)224

4-15 Elliptically Polarized Plane Wave, Oblique Incidence226

4-16 Huygens Principle and Physical Optics; Diffraction231

Projects237

Problems239

5 Antennas, Radiation, and Wireless Systems247

5-1 Introduction247

5-2 Basic Antenna Parameters247

5-3 Arrays260

Two Isotropic Point Sources260

Pattern Multiplication260

Binomial Array262

Linear Arrays of n Isotropic Point Sources of Equal Amplitude and Spacings264

5-4 Retarded Potentials275

5-5 The Short Dipole Antenna and Its Radiation Resistance276

5-6 Pattern and Radiation Resistance of λ/2 and 3λ/2 Dipoles285

5-7 Broadside Array287

5-8 Fields of λ/2 Dipole Antenna291

5-9 Antenna Types292

Loops, Dipoles, and Slots292

Opened-Out Coaxial Antennas294

Opened-Out Two-Conductor Antennas294

Opened-Out Waveguide Antennas294

Flat-Sheet Reflector Antennas298

Paranbolic Dish and Dielectric Lens Antennas298

End-Fire Antennas: Polyrod, Yagi-Uda, and Helical301

Broad-Bandwidth Antennas: Conical Spiral, Log-Periodic, and 3-in-I305

Patch Antennas307

Arrays of Dipoles and Slots;Frequency Selective Surfaces(FSS)308

5-10 Radion Link and Friis Formula308

5-11 Antenna Temperature, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Remots Sensing309

Note: Ratios and Decibels314

5-12 Radar and Radar Cross-Section318

Pulse Doppler Weather Radar323

The Corner Reflector324

5-13 Global Position Satellites and Relatiyity327

5-14 Far Field, Near Field, and Fourier Transform329

5-15 Earth-Based, Airborne, and Spaceborne Cellular Systems332

5-16 Absorption by Atmosphere and Foliage335

Projects340

Problems343

6 Electrodynamics357

6-1 Introduction357

6-2 Charged Particles Moving in Electric Fields357

6-3 The Cathode-Ray Tube(CRT);Electrical Deflection359

6-4 Charged Particles Moving in a Static Magnetic Field361

Particle Radius363

Gyrofrequency364

6-5 Cathode-Ray Tube; Magnetic Deflection365

6-6 Rotary Motor or Generator367

6-7 Linear Motor369

6-8 Hall-Effect Generator370

6-9 Moving Conductor in a Static Magnetic Field373

6-10 The Magnetic Brake374

Problems376

7 Dielectric and Magnetic Materials379

7-1 Introduction379

7-2 Homogeneity, Linearity, and Isotropy379

7-3 Table of Permittivities380

7-4 The Electric Field in a Dielectric381

7-5 The Electric Dipole and Electric-Dipole Moment381

7-6 Polarization384

7-7 Boundary Relations389

7-8 Table of Boundary Relations392

7-9 Dielectric Strength392

7-10 Energy and Energy Density393

7-11 The Atomic Loop396

7-12 Magnetic Dipoles, Loops, and Solenoids399

7-13 Magnetic Materials404

7-14 Magnetic Dipoles and Magnetization406

7-15 Uniformly Magnetized Rod and Equivalent Air-Core Solenoid409

7-16 Boundary Relations412

7-17 Ferromagnetism415

7-18 Magnetization Curves418

7-19 Hysteresis424

7-20 Energy in a Magnet426

7-21 Permanent Magnets427

7-22 Table of Permanent Magnetic Materials429

7-23 Demagnetization430

7-24 Gapless Circuit434

7-25 Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap435

7-26 Magnetic Gap Force437

7-27 Permanent Magnet with Gap438

7-28 Altermating-Current Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials441

7-29 Eddy Currents443

Problems443

8 Waveguides, Resonators, and Fiber Optics447

8-1 Introduction447

8-2 Circuits, Lines, and Guides: A Comparison447

8-3 TE Mode Wave in the Infinite-Parallel-Plane Transmission Line or Guide448

8-4 The Hollow Rectangular Waveguide456

8-5 The Hollow Cylindrical Waveguide468

8-6 Hollow Waveguides of Other Cross-Section472

8-7 Waveguide Devices474

8-8 Waves Traveling Parallel to a Plane Boundary475

8-9 Open Waveguides480

8-10 Dielectric Sheet Waveguides483

8-11 Dielectric Fiber and Rod Waveguides: Fiber Optics487

8-12 Cavity Resonators491

Project499

Problems500

9 Bioelectromagnetics501

9-1 Introduction501

9-2 The Axon: An Active, Lossless, Shielded, Noiseless Transmission Line501

9-3 Retinal Optic Fibers503

9-4 Heart Dipole Field506

9-5 Defibrillators and Pacemakers507

9-6 Biological Fields509

9-7 Electromagnetic Hazards and the Environment512

Projects516

Solar Power to Food518

Problems519

Solar Power Problems520

References520

10 Electromagnetic Effects in High-Speed Digital Systems521

10-1 Introduction521

SceneI:A Strangely Behaving Reset Signal on a PC Card521

SceneII:CD Player on Airplane Interferes with the Navigation System522

10-2 Two Viewpoints: Lumped or Distributed522

10-3 Distributed Systems522

Speed and Distance522

Rise Time and Length; Lumped versus Distributed Circuits523

Knee Frequency526

Review of Transmission Line Theory527

Reflections in the Presence of Capactitance530

Terminations533

10-4 Inductance and Capacitance534

How Circuit Boards Are Made534

Cross Talk537

10-5 Electromagnetic Interference539

Problems542

11 Numerical Methods547

11-1 Introduction547

11-2 Laplace s Equation in Rectangular Coordinates; Separation of Variables548

11-3 Example 11-1: The Parallel-Plate Capacitor550

11-4 Repetitive Laplace Solution or Finite Difference Method552

11-5 Example 11-2: The Infinite Square Trough with Lid by Repetitive Laplace554

11-6 Example 11-3: Infinite Square Trough with Different Potentials on All Four Sides556

11-7 Line Charge Distribution: The Integral Equation and the Moment Method(MM)558

11-8 The Generalized Multipole Technique(GMT)560

11-9 Finite Difference-Time Domain(FD-TD)Technique560

11-10 Finite Element Method(FEM)563

11-11 Continuous Wave(CW)Reflections and FEM565

Problems567

Appendixes569

A Units, Constants, and Other Useful Reltions569

A-1 Fundamental, Mechanical, Electrical, and Magnetic Units570

A-2 Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Logarithmic, and Other Relations576

A-3 Glyphs(Nonalphabetic Pictograph Symbols)579

B Field Maps, Laplace s Equation, Full Vector Notation581

Field Mapping581

Graphical Solution582

Full Vector Notation585

C Computer Programs589

1: ZX590

2: VSWR590

3: Bouncing Pulses590

4: Traveling waves590

5: Ground bounce590

6: ARRAYPATGAIN590

7: REPLA590

8: Charged Plates590

9: Post590

10: Lossy line590

11: V-LEVEL590

12: SMITH CHART590

13: QWT590

D Project Equipment591

E Answers593

Index601

Symbols, prefixes and abbreviation619

Constants and conversions621