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Chapter One Introduction to International Business Law1

Ⅰ．What is International Business Law?1

Ⅱ．History of International Business Law2

Ⅲ．Sources of International Business Law3

A．National Law3

B．International Treaties and Conventions4

C．International Model Law4

D．International Trade Customs and Usages6

Ⅳ．International Organizations7

A．Organizations Affiliated with the United Nations7

B．Other International Organizations9

Ⅴ．Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems10

A．The Roman-Germanic Civil Law System11

B．The Anglo-American Common Law System15

Ⅵ．International Business Law and China17

Chapter Two Forms of International Business19

Ⅰ．Some International Trade Theories19

A．Specialization19

B．Absolute Advantage20

C．Comparative Advantage20

D．Opportunity Cost21

Ⅱ．Exporting22

A．Direct Exporting22

B．Indirect Exporting23

Ⅲ．Government Controls over Trade24

A．Tariffs24

B．Nontariff Barriers to Trade24

C．Export Restrictions25

Ⅳ．International Licensing Agreement25

A．Technology Transfer26

B．International Franchising27

Chapter Three Legal System of International Business28

Ⅰ．United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(CISG)28

A．The Development of International Business Law28

B．The Drafting of the CISG29

C．Applicability of the CISG31

D．Interpreting of the CISG33

Case 3—1 Raffles v.Wichelhaus and Another36

Ⅱ．UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts(PICC)39

A．Origin and Preparation of the UNIDROIT PICC39

B．Structure and Scope of the UNIDROIT PICC42

C．General Principles of the UNIDROIT PICC43

D．The purposes of the UNIDROIT PICC49

E．Comparison of the UNIDROIT PICC and CISG51

Ⅲ．International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms54

A．Concept and Role of Trade Terms54

B．Contents of Incoterms 200055

C．FOB(free on board)(port of shipment)57

D．CIF(cost,insurance and freight)(port of destination)60

E．Modification of Trade Terms63

Case 3—2 Kumar Corporation v.Nopal Lines,Ltd64

Chapter Four Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods68

Ⅰ．Definition and Form of Contract68

A．Definition of Contract68

B．Form of Contract70

Ⅱ．Validity and Formation of International Sale of Contracts71

A．Invitation Offer72

B．The Offer72

C．The Acceptance75

D．Battle of the Forms76

Case 4—1 Filanto v.Chilewich International Corporation80

E．Consideration in Common Law82

Case 4—2 Hamer v.Sidway83

Case 4—3 Fiege v.Boehm89

Ⅲ．Misrepresentation90

A．Fraudulent Misrepresentation91

B．Innocent Misrepresentation91

C．Negligent(innocent)Misrepresentation92

Ⅳ．Mistakes92

A．Common Law92

B．Civil Law94

C．The UNIDROIT PICC94

D．China Contract Law94

Ⅴ．Fraud95

A．Common Law96

Case 4—4 Stambovsky v.Ackley97

B．Civil Law98

C．The UNIDROIT PICC98

D．China Contract Law98

Ⅵ．Duress98

A．Common Law98

B．Civil Law100

C．The UNIDROIT PICC100

D．China Contract Law100

Ⅶ．Undue Influence and Unconscionable(unjust)Conduct101

A．Common Law101

Case 4—5 Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd.,v.Amadio103

B．Civil Law104

C．The UNIDROIT PICC104

D．China Contract Law105

Chapter Five Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods(continued)108

Ⅰ．Remedies for Breach of Contract108

A．General Principles of Remedies108

Case 5—1 Prutch v.Ford Motor Company111

B．Buyer's Remedies112

C．Seller's Remedies117

D．Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers117

Case 5—2 Delchi Carrier,SpA v.Rotorex Corporation120

Ⅱ．Anticipatory Breach of Contract and Exceptio non Adirnpleti Contractus in Civil Law123

A．Anticipatory Breach in Common Law123

B．Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law123

Ⅲ．Liquidated Damages125

A．Common Law125

B．Civil Law127

C．The UNIDROIT PICC127

D．China Contract Law128

Ⅳ．Obligations of the Seller and the Buyer128

A．Seller's Obligations128

B．Buyer's Obligations134

Case 5—3 The Natural Gas Case135

Ⅴ．Passing of Risk138

A．Common Law139

B．The CISG140

C．China Contract Law142

Ⅵ．Passing of Property143

A．Common Law143

B．The CISG144

C．China Contract Law144

Ⅶ．Excuses for Non-performance145

A．Common Law145

Case 5—4 Transatlantic Financing Corporation v.United States149

B．The UNIDROIT PICC150

C．The CISG151

D．Force Majeure Clauses151

Chapter Six Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance155

Ⅰ．Charterparties155

A．Voyage Charterparties155

B．Time Charterparties156

C．Charterparties by Demise156

Ⅱ．Bills of Lading157

A．Laws of Bills of Lading157

B．Characteristics of the Bills of Lading159

C．Transfer of Property under A Bill of Lading161

D．Carrier's Duties under A Bill of Lading162

E．Carrier's Immunities165

F．Delayed Bills of Lading167

G．Frauds on Bills of Lading168

Ⅲ．Marine Cargo Insurance169

A．Marine Insurance Policies and Certificates170

B．Perils and Losses171

C．Insurance Cover172

Chapter Seven Finance of International Trade175

Ⅰ．The Bill of Exchange175

A．Origin of Bills of Exchange175

B．The Law Governing Bills of Exchange176

C．Types of Bills of Exchange177

D．General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course178

E．Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange181

Ⅱ．Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks183

A．Types of Collection183

B．Advantages of Collection184

Ⅲ．Letters of Credit(L/C)184

A．Law Applicable to Letters of Credit185

B．Types of Letters of Credit186

C．The Stages of Arranging and Advising A Letter of Credit188

D．Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance189

E．Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction190

Case 7—1 Sztejn v.Henry Schroeder Banking Corp192

Ⅳ．International Factoring195

A．Definition and Historical Development195

B．Obligations of the Parties196

C．Advantages of International Factoring for Chinese Merchants197

Chapter Eight Partnership Law201

Ⅰ．Definition and Creation of a Partnership201

A．Definition201

B．Creation of a Partnership202

Ⅱ．Property of a Partnership205

A．Scope of Partnership Property205

B．Ownership and Possession205

C．Creditors of Partners205

Ⅲ．Partners' Rights and Duties206

A．Right to Compensation206

B．Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith206

C．Duty of Care in Partnership Business207

D．Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities208

Ⅳ．Dissolution of the Partnership208

A．Nonwrongful Dissolution208

B．Wrongful Dissolution209

C．Automatic Dissolution209

D．Dissolution by Court Order209

Ⅴ．Winding Up210

A．Powers during Winding up210

B．Duties of Partners during Winding up211

C．Compensation for Winding up211

Chapter Nine The Law of Corporations213

Ⅰ．History and Nature of Corporations213

A．History of Corporations213

B．The Principal Characteristics of the Corporation216

C．Promoters217

D．"Piercing the Corporate Veil"and Related Problems219

Ⅱ．Sources of Corporate Financing220

A．Common Stock220

B．Debt Securities221

Ⅲ．Shareholders' Rights and Liabilities222

A．Shareholders' Meetings222

B．Shareholders' Election of Directors223

C．Fundamental Corporate Changes223

D．Shareholders' Inspection and Information Rights224

E．Distribution to Shareholders224

F．Shareholders' Lawsuits226

G．Shareholders' Liabilities227

Ⅳ．Management of Corporations228

A．The Board of Directors228

B．Officers of the Corporation230

C．Directors' and Officer's Duties to the Corporation231

Ⅴ．Termination of Corporations233

A．Dissolution by Agreement233

B．Involuntary Dissolution234

Chapter Ten Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China236

Ⅰ．China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments237

A．Sources of Foreign Investment Law of China237

B．More Sectors Opened238

C．Categories of Investment Projects239

D．Government Guarantees241

Ⅱ．Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures244

A．Definition and Legal Characteristics245

B．Establishment and Registration245

C．Sources of Investment246

D．Administrative Management247

E．Liquidation248

Ⅲ．Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures249

A．Definition and Legal Characteristics249

B．Establishment of China Contractual Joint Ventures250

C．Administrative Management250

D．Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments251

Ⅳ．Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises251

A．Establishment of China Foreign Capital Enterprises252

B．Business Form and Registered Capital253

C．Methods of Investment Contribution253

Chapter Eleven Intellectual Property Right Law255

Ⅰ．The Creation of Intellectual Property Rights255

A．Copyrights255

B．Patents258

C．Trademarks261

D．Know-how264

Ⅱ．International Provisions264

A．Comprehensive Agreements265

B．Artistic Property Agreements265

C．Industrial Property Agreements267

Ⅲ．International Licensing Agreements272

A．Characteristics of International Licensing Agreements273

B．Major Issues in International Licensing Agreements273

Chapter Twelve GATT and WTO Law279

Ⅰ．The Founding of GATT279

A．Trade Barriers279

B．Trade Liberalization Through Cooperation280

C．Scope and Coverage of GATT 1947 and GATT 1994281

Ⅱ．Major Principles of GATT 1994282

A．Multilateral Trade Negotiations282

B．Most-favored-nation Treatment283

C．National Treatment284

D．Tariff-based Import Restriction285

Ⅲ．The World Trade Organization(WTO)285

A．The WTO and the Economic Globalization286

B．Legal Structure of the WTO287

C．WTO Antidumping Agreement287

Ⅳ．WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures292

A．Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process293

B．WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures293

Chapter Thirteen The Law of Agency297

Ⅰ．Creation of Agency297

A．Formation297

B．Capacity298

C．Nondelegable Duties298

Ⅱ．Duties of Agent and Principal298

A．Duties of Agent to Principal298

B．Duties of Principal to Agent301

Case 13—1 Willis v.Champlain Cable Corp302

Ⅲ．Termination of an Agency304

A．Act of the Parties304

B．Operation of Law305

C．Post-Termination Relationship306

Ⅳ．Third Party Relations of the Principal and the Agent306

A．Contract Liability of the Principal306

B．Contract Liability of the Agent309

Chapter Fourteen International Commercial Dispute Settlement314

Ⅰ．Settlement of Disputes through Municipal Courts314

A．Jurisdiction and Venue314

Case 14—1 In Re Union Carbide Corporation Gas Plant Disaster at Bhopal317

B．Enforcement of Foreign Judgment321

Ⅱ．International Tribunals323

A．International Court of Justice323

B．International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes324

Ⅲ．Alternative Dispute Resolution325

A．Negotiation325

B．Mediation325

C．Mini-trial326

Ⅳ．Commercial Arbitration327

A．Definition and Special Features328

B．The Applicable Procedure Law329

C．The Applicable Substantive Law331

D．Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses336

E．Recognition and Enforcement of Awards340

F．Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the People's Republic of China343

Bibliography346