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1 HORTICULTURE：AN OVERVIEW1

Introduction1

Etymology3

Anthropology4

Organizations4

Gardening5

Ancient Times6

Types9

Garden Features and Accessories11

Gardening Departments and Centers11

Comparison With Farming11

Gardens As Art13

Social Aspects13

Garden Pests14

Vertical Farming15

Types16

Problems17

Advantages19

Technologies and Devices21

Plans22

Landscaping23

Understanding the Land23

Tools23

References23

2 FLORICULTURE31

Introduction31

Plant Breeding32

Classical Plant Breeding33

Modern Plant Breeding36

Issues and Concerns39

Role of Plant Breeding in Organic Agriculture40

Addressing Global Food Security Through Plant Breeding41

Participatory Plant Breeding42

Gartons Agricultural Plant Breeders42

Publicity In USA44

John Garton’s Honorary Doctorate47

Commercial Success And Competition49

Varieties Bred And Introduced52

Norman Borlaug56

Early Life，Education And Family57

Wheat Research In Mexico60

Expansion To South Asia：The Green Revolution63

Borlaug Hypothesis66

Later Roles67

References70

3 THE ART OF ARBORICULTURE79

Introduction79

Fruit Tree Pruning80

Overview81

Formative Pruning Of Bush Trees82

Pruning The Cropping Tree84

Pruning Of Tip Bearers85

Tree Shaping86

Methods87

Common Techniques90

Grafting91

Pruning91

Chronology Of Notable Practitioners93

Related Practices99

Bonsai99

Espalier99

Plantings For The Future100

Alternative Names101

In Fiction And Art101

Bonsai102

Cultivation And Care110

Display113

Containers114

Bonsai Styles116

Size Classifications120

Indoor Bonsai121

Tree Fork121

Definition Of A Tree Fork123

Tree Fork Anatomy And Morphology123

Bark Inclusions And Fork Strength123

References124

4 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE131

Introduction131

Definition132

Fields Of Activity133

History Of Landscape Architecture134

Relation To Urban Planning135

Profession137

Australia137

Canada137

Italy138

New Zealand138

Republic Of Ireland138

South Africa139

United Kingdom140

United States140

Examples Of Landscape Architecture141

References148

5 TOOLS FOR GARDENING151

Introduction151

Hand Tools152

String Trimmer153

Design154

Accessories156

Power And Emissions156

Safety Concerns157

Other Use Of String Trimmer Parts157

Diamond Tool157

Advantages158

Applications160

Some Examples Of Diamond Tools161

References163

6 PRACTICES OF OLERICULTURE165

Introduction165

Leaf Vegetable166

Nutrition168

Preparation168

Sweet Corn171

Anatomy172

Consumption172

References176

7 VITICULTURE177

Introduction177

History178

In Mythology180

The Grape Vine180

Frost184

Formation184

Types185

Effect On Plants189

Frost-Free Areas191

Personifications191

Green Harvest192

Field Blend192

References193

8 TROPICAL GARDENING197

Introduction197

Types Of Plants198

Tropical Garden198

Tropical Plants199

Maintenance200

Non-Tropical Climates201

Acanthus Mollis201

Etymology201

Description202

Reproduction203

Distribution203

Habitat203

Culture203

Gallery204

Hedera Algeriensis205

Description205

Ecology206

Landscaping206

Canna （Plant）206

Botany206

Distribution208

Origins208

Uses209

Taxonomy211

Propagation214

Paulownia Tomentosa217

Nomenclature217

Description218

Uses218

Composition219

Trachycarpus221

Culinvation And Uses221

Culinary Fruits222

Alphabetical List By Common Name223

Culinary Fruits By Climate241

The Stone Fruits，Drupes Of Genus Prunus242

Rubus243

References254

Index261