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Chapter 1 Foundations of Electronic Commerce1

The Case of Intel Corp.1

1.1 Intel Corp.and Happy Puppy1

CHAPTER 1 Foundations of Electronic Commerce1

The Case of Happy Puppy2

1.2 Definitions and Content of the Field3

Application Case 1.1 Egghead Becomes a Virtual Software Company Definitions4

The EC Field6

Electronic Markets7

Interorganizational Information Systems8

Interorganizational Information Systems and Electronic Markets8

Application Case 1.2 Wal-Mart Uses IOSs9

Classification of the EC Field by the Nature of the Transactions10

The Electronic Marketing Process11

Application Case 1.3 HBO Uses the Intranet to Boost Sales Efforts11

Interdisciplinary Nature of EC13

A Brief History of EC13

The Future of EC14

1.3 Benefits and Limitations14

The Benefits of EC14

The Limitations of EC16

1.4 The Driving Forces of Electronic Commerce17

The New World of Business17

Business Pressures19

Organizational Responses19

Business Process Reengineering21

Application Case 1.4 FedEx s Web Shopping/Shipping Service22

Application Case 1.5 The Internet and the Intranet Shorten Time to Market of New Drugs24

1.5 Impact of EC:Everything Will Be Changed24

Improving Direct Marketing25

Other Marketing-Related Impacts26

Transforming Organizations28

Redefining Organizations28

Impacts on Manufacturing29

Impacts on Finance and Accounting29

Human Resource Management,Training,and Education30

1.6 Putting It All Together30

1.7 Managerial Issues32

Summary33

Questions for Review34

Questions for Discussion34

Internet Exercises34

Keywords34

Real World Case:An Electronic Fish Market Reengineers the Fishing Industry36

References37

CHAPTER 2 Retailing in Electronic Commerce39

2.1 Amazon s Competitive Structure39

Chapter 2 Retailing in Electronic Commerce39

2.2 Overview of Electronic Marketing Structure40

2.3 Forecast of the B2C Electronic Markets41

2.4 Business Models of Electronic Marketing44

Direct Marketing versus Indirect Marketing44

Full Cybermarketing versus Partial Cybermarketing44

Electronic Distributor versus Electronic Broker45

Electronic Store versus Electronic Shopping Mall45

Generalized E-Malls/Stores versus Specialized E-Malls/Stores45

Proactive versus Reactive Strategic Posture Toward Cybermarketing45

Global versus Regional Marketing46

Sales versus Customer Service46

2.5 Direct Marketing46

Proactive and Full Direct Marketing:The Dell Computer Case46

Reactive and Partial Direct Marketing:Ford Case48

2.6 Online Customer Service49

Application Case 2.1 Automobile Sales Online50

2.7 Electronic Intermediaries50

Generalized E-Brokers51

Specialized Electronic Distributors52

2.8 Reactive Electronic Department Stores53

The JCPenney Case53

Electronic Department Stores Worldwide54

2.9 Regional Shopping Service54

Preliminary Requirement Determination54

2.10 Procedure for Internet Shopping:The Consumer s Perspective55

Search for Avdilable Items55

APPlication Case 2.2 BestBookBuys.com Finds the Best Price56

Compare the Candidate Items with Multiple Perspectives56

Place An Order56

Pay for the Goods57

Receive the Delivered Items and Inspect Their Quality58

Contact the Vendor to Get After-Service and Support or Return the Goods if Disappointed58

2.11 Aiding Comparison Shopping58

Search of Hypertext Files by Agents58

Search in a Web-Based Database:Human and Software Agents Sharing Information59

Comparable Item Retrieval and Tabular Comparison59

Comparison of Multiple Items from Multiple Malls61

Comparison as a Multiple-Criteria Decision Making62

Disintermediation and Reintermediation63

2.12 The Impact of EC on Traditional Retailing Systems63

Impact on Manufacturer s Distribution Strategy64

2.13 Managerial Issues65

Summary65

Keywords66

Questions for Review66

Questions for Discusion66

Internet Exercises67

Team Exercises68

Real World Case:Lowest Price on Earth:Buy.com69

References70

CHAPTER 3 Internet Consumers and Market Research72

3.1 Building Customer Relationships72

Chapter 3 Internet Consumers and Market Research72

3.2 The Consumer Behavior Model73

Consumer Behavior74

Direct Sales,Intermediaries,and Customer Relations75

3.3 Personal Characteristics and the Demographics of Internet Surfers75

Environmental Variables76

Personal Characteristics and Individual Differences76

Application Case 3.1 Purchasing and Baby Boomers78

Consumers Buying Patterns80

3.4 Consumer Purchasing Decision Making81

The Purchasing Decision-Making Model81

The Customer Decision Model in Web Purchasing83

A Model of Internet Consumer Satisfaction83

3.5 One-to-One and Relationship Marketing84

One-to-One Marketing:An Overview84

Issues in EC-Based One-To-One Marketing85

3.6 Delivering Customer Service in Cyberspace87

Types of Customer Service Functions and Tools88

Product Life Cycle and Customer Service88

Some Tools of Customer Service90

Application Case 3.2 American Airlines Builds the Largest Personalized Site on the Internet91

Examples of Superb Customer Service92

Application Case 3.3 Canadian Tire Provides Superb Customer Service via an Integrated Call Center93

3.7 Market Research for EC93

Application Case 3.4 Representative Examples of Superb Customer Service94

Market Segmentation95

Oniline Market Research96

Online Market Research Methods97

Application Case 3.5 Marketing Research on the Internet98

Data Mining100

Application Case 3.6 British Telecom Uses Data Mining101

3.8 Intelligent Agents for Consumers102

Intelligent Agents for Products and Vendor Finding103

Intelligent Agent for Information Search and Filtering103

Negotiation Agents104

Application Case 3.7 ZineZone Helps in Information Search104

Negotiation Agents105

Intelligent Agents for Customer Service106

Learning Agents106

3.9 Organizational Buyer Behavior107

A Behavioral Model of an Organization Buyer107

Management Issues108

Summary109

Keywords110

Questions for Review110

Questions for Discussion111

Internet Exercises111

Team Exercises112

Real World Case:Kansas City Power and Light Company113

References114

Appendix 3A Example of an Online Market Research Tool for Segmentation116

CHAPTER 4 Advertisement in Electronic Commerce117

4.1 CD-Max Uses E-Mail Lists to Advertise117

Chapter 4 Advertisement in Electronic Commerce117

4.2 Web Advertisement118

On Overview118

Internet Advertising Terminology119

Why Internet Advertisement120

The Internet versus Traditional Methods121

Internet is the Fastest Growing Medium in History122

Objectives and Growth of Internet Advertisement122

Targeted(One-to-One)Advertisement123

Types of Internet Advertisement123

4.3 Advertisement Methods123

Banners123

Application Case 4.1 Procter Gamble Co s(P G)Interactive Marketing123

Application Case 4.2 Targeted Advertisement:The Double Click Approach124

Splash Screen126

Spot Leasing126

URL(Universal Resource Locators)126

E-Mail126

Chat Romms127

Other Forms128

4.4 Advertisement Strategies128

Considerations in the Internet-Based Ad Design128

Active Push Strategy129

Passive Full Strategy129

Associated Ad Display Strategy130

Ads as a Commodity130

Implementing the Strategies132

Customizing Ads132

Interactive Ad Strategies132

Comparison Ads as a Medium of Advertisement132

Attracting Visitors to a Site134

Online Events,Promotions,and Attractions135

Application Case 4.3 How to Entice Web Surfers to Read Internet Ads136

Bargains,Special Sales,and Financial Incentives136

4.5 Push Technology and Intelligent Agents137

Push Technology137

Push on the Intranet138

The Future of Push Technology138

Intelligent Agents139

Application Case 4.4 Fujitsu Uses Agents for Targeted Advertising in Japan139

4.6 Economics and Effcetiveness of Advertisement140

Exposure Models That are Based on CpMs140

Click-Through140

Interactivity140

Achual Purchase141

Other Methods141

4.7 Online Catalogs142

Evolution of Online Catalogs142

Comparison of Online Catalogs With Paper Catalogs142

Advertising in Online Catalogs Versus Electronic Malls143

Application Case 4.5 AMP s Online Catalogs Cut the Cost to One-Sixth144

Customized Catalogs144

4.8 Special Advertisement Topics145

How Much to Advertise?145

Application Case 4.6 Electronic Catalogs at Boise Cascade:B2B146

Auditing and Analyzing Web Traffic147

Internet Standards147

Application Case4.7 Sample of an Audit Report148

Localization148

The Major Web Ad Players149

4.9 Managerial Issues150

Summary150

Keywords151

Questions for Review152

Questions for Discussion152

Internet Exercises152

Team Assignments153

Exercises154

Real World Case:Chevron s World of Car Characters155

References156

CHAPTER 5 Electronic Commerce for Service Industries157

5.1 Ordering Journals Electronically157

Chapter 5 Electronic Commerce for Service Industries157

5.2 Broker-Based Services158

Service Industries versus Manufacturing and Product Retailing159

5.3 Travel and Tourism Services159

Benefits and Limitations160

Services Provided160

Corporate Travel161

Application Case 5.1 Carlson Travel and American Express Automate Corporate Travel161

The Impact of EC on the Travel Industry162

Application Case 5.2 Zeus Tours and Yacht Cruises Inc.Uses EC163

The Future163

5.4 Employment Placement and the Job Market164

Driving Forces of the Electronic Job market164

The Internet Job Market165

The Advantage of the Electronic Job Market165

Application Case 5.3 Web Site Matches Workers with Jobs in the Philippines166

The Limitations of the Electronic Job Markets166

Examples of Services on the Net166

Example of Career Services on the Net167

Intelligent Agents167

5.5 Real Estate:From Virtual Realtors to Virtual Reality168

Application Case 5.4 Finding Super Deals169

Real Estate Applications169

Application Case 5.5 How One Deal More than Paid for the Web Site of Colliers Arnold170

5.6 Trading Stocks Online170

Online Stock Trading170

Investment Information171

Initial Public Offerings(IPOs)and the Internet173

Related Markets173

Individual Investors and Day Trading173

5.7 Cyberbanking and Personal Finance173

Application Case 5.6 Cyberbanking at Wells Fargo174

Implementation Issuses in Banking and Online Trading175

Application Case 5.7 Security at Bank of America Online176

Billing Online178

5.8 Auctions:From Theory to Practice179

Types of Auctions179

Electronic Auctions179

Benefits and Limiitations181

Impacts181

Business-to-Business Auctions181

5.9 Online Publishing,Knowledge Dissemination,and Other Services183

Online Publishing183

Knowledge Dissemination184

Application Case 5.8 Interactive MBA at City University of Hong Kong185

Other Services Online186

5.10 the Impact on Intermediaries and Their Changing Roles187

5.11 Managerial Issues189

Summary189

Keywords191

Questions for Review191

Questions for Discussion191

Internet Exercises192

Team Exercises193

Real World Case:Cushman and Wakefield Uses an Intranet to Communicate Effectively194

Real world Case:Web Takes Banking to Sea195

References195

CHAPTER 6 Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce197

6.1 Procurement Revolution at General Electric197

Chapter 6 Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce197

TPN at GE Lighting Division198

Benefits of TPN198

Side Benefits to Suppliers198

Open as a Public Bidding Site199

6.2 Characteristics of B2B EC199

Supply Chain199

Entities of B2B EC201

6.3 Models of B2B EC203

Supplier-Oriented Marketplace204

Buyer-Oriented Marketplace205

Intermediary-Oriented Marketplace206

Virtual Corporation:Networking Between Business Partners207

Networking Between Headquarters and Subsidiaries207

Application Case 6.1 Marriott International s Extranet Links Global Franchisees208

Online Services to Business208

6.4 Procurement Management Using the Buyer s Internal Marketplace209

Buyer s Internal Marketplace209

Issues in Procurement Management210

Inefficiency in Procurement Management210

Godls of Procurement Reengineering210

The Major Solution:B2B EC210

Application Case 6.2 MasterCard s Procurement Card Case211

Customer s Internal Marketplace Cases211

6.5 Supplier-Oriented Marketplace:Cisco Connection Online Case211

Cisco Connection Online211

6.6 Buyer-Oriented Marketplace:GE s TPN Case Revisited213

Electronic Bidding Process213

Benefits to Buyers213

Benefits to Sellers214

Lessons214

6.7 Intermediary-Oriented Marketplace:Boeing s PART Case214

Goal of Boeing s PART Page214

Spare Parts Business Using Traditional EDI215

Debut PART Page on the Internet215

Benefits of PART Page215

Portable Access to Technical Drawings/Support215

Benefits to Boeing s Customers216

6.8 Just-In-Time Delivery:FedEx InterNetShop Case216

Why JIT Delivery for B2B EC216

FedEx:A Delivery Company216

FedEx on the Internet for Customer s Tracking Request217

Proprietary Network for Progress Entry:COSMOS217

Valued-Added Service to Ensure the Customer s Delivery Commitment217

Supporting Customer s Tailored Tracking System217

Benefits to FedEx217

Application Case 6.3 Outsourcing On-Time Delivery:National Semiconductor Experience218

6.9 Other B2B Models,Auctions,and Services218

Business-to-Business Auctions218

Managed Interactive Bidding219

Facilitating Auctions and Bartering219

Application Case 6.4 How Freemarket Operates:A New B2B Model220

Business-to-Business Services221

6.10 From Traditional to Internet-Based EDI222

Traditional EDI222

Internet-Based EDI224

6.11 Integration with Back-End Information Systems225

Enterprice Resource Planning System226

6.12 The Role of Software Agents for B2B EC227

Agent s Role in the Seller-Oriented Marketplace227

Agent s Role in the Buyer-Oriented Marketplace228

6.13 Elcetronic Marketing in B2B228

Relationship Marketing229

Direct Marketing to Reach Functional Buyers229

Internet Marketing Strategies230

How to Build Your E-Mail Lists and Marketing Database230

Electronic/Interactive Media230

Audience Strategy and Mailing Lists230

6.14 Solutions of B2B EC231

6.15 Managerial Issues233

Summary234

Keywords235

Questions for Review235

Questions for Discussion236

Questions for Cases236

Team Exercises237

Internet Exercises237

Real World Case:Fruit of the Loom s Distributors238

References238

CHAPTER 7 Intranet and Extranet240

7.1 Automotive Network Exchange-The Largest Extranet240

Chapter 7 Intranet and Extranet240

Benefits of ANX240

Virtually Private Network for ANX241

7.2 Architecture of the Internet,Intranet,and Extranet241

The Internet241

The Intranet:An Intra Business Delivery System242

The Extranet242

Roads Ahead243

7.3 Intranet Software243

7.4 Applications of Intranets244

Generic Functions of Intranet244

Intranet Application Areas244

Industry-Specific Intranet Solutions245

7.5 Intranet Application Case Studies246

Intranet Case Studies with ROI Analysis246

Short Intranets Application Cases246

Share Knowledge Among Corporate Employees:Coopers and Lybrand247

7.6 Considerations in Intranet Deployment248

7.7 The Extranets248

Basic Concept of Extranets248

Application Case 7.1 Toshiba s Extranet Keeps Dealers on Time249

Planning Extranets:Coordination and Security250

Potential of the Extranet Market250

7.8 The Structure of Extranets251

Elements of Extranet251

7.9 Extranet Products and Services251

Categories of Extranet Products and Services251

Extranet Tools and Services Providers252

7.10 Applications of Extranets252

Benefits of Extranets252

Industry Specific Extranet Solutions253

7.11 Business Models of Extranet Applications253

Connect Business Customers to Sell Parts:AMP253

Connect Dealer s Kiosk:General Motors254

Connect with Suppliers for Purchases:VHA,Inc.254

Tracking Shipping Status:CSX Technology255

Reduce Design Cycle Time by Connecting Suppliers:Adaptec,Inc.255

Reduce Product Development Time by Connecting Suppliers: Caterpillar,Inc.256

Link the Worldwide Chains Employees:Kinko s,Inc.256

Link Business Partners:Countrywide Home Loan256

Embedded Extranet:FedEx s Extranet Embedded in Cisco257

Connect with Service Institutions:IntraLoan257

7.12 Managerial Issues258

Summary259

Keywords259

Questions for Review260

Questions for Discussion260

Internet Exercises260

Team Exercises261

Real World Case:Cadence Design Systems--ROI of Intranet 1.766 Percent262

References263

Appendix 7.1 Industry-Specific Intranet Solutions265

Appendix 7.2 Industry-Spceific Extranet Solutions269

Chapter 8 Electronic Payment Systems274

CHAPTER 8 Electronic Payment Systems274

8.1 Is SET a Failure?274

8.2 Electronic Payments and Protocols275

Secure Electronic Transaction Protocol for Credit Card Payment275

Application Case 8.1 Merchants Offer Multiple Payment Options277

Electronic Fund Transfer and Debit Card on the Internet277

Stored-Value Cards and E-Cash277

Electronic Check Systems278

8.3 Security Schemes in Electronic Payment Systems278

Security Schemes278

Application Case 8.2 10 Tips for Selecting a CA282

Secure Socket Layer Protocol282

8.4 Electronic Credit Card System on the Internet284

The Players284

The Process of Using Credit Cards284

Secure Electronic Transaction Protocol285

Electronic Wallet286

Storage of Certificates286

Secure Socket Layer Protocol for Electronic Payment287

8.5 Electronic Fund Transfer and Debit Cards on the Internet287

Electronic Fund Transfer287

Debit Card288

Application Case 8.3 Bank Online and Security Tips289

Financial EDI290

8.6 Stored-Value Cards and E-Cash291

Smart Cards291

Application Case 8.4 Mondex Makes Shopping Easy291

Representation of E-Cash Systems292

Closed versus Open E-Cash System293

Contact versus Contactless IC Cards293

Integrating Internet and Non-Internet Payment Systems293

Application Case 8.5 Smart Tollway:Highway 91294

Ceiling of Stored Values and Multiple Currencies295

8.7 Electronic Check Systems295

8.8 Unified Payment Systems296

Integrating Payment Methods296

How Many Cards Are Appropriate?297

8.10 Managerial Issues298

8.9 Prospect of Electronic Payment Systems298

Summary299

Keywords299

Questions for Review299

Questions for Discussion300

Internet Exercises300

Team Exercises301

Real World Case:Transportation Cards in the Big Cities302

References303

Chapter 9 EC Strategy and Implementation305

9.1 IBM s E-Business s Strategy305

CHAPTER 9 EC Strategy and Implementation305

9.2 Strategic Planning for EC306

Industry and Competitive Analysis308

Strategy Formulation309

Critical Success Factors for EC310

A Value Analysis Approach310

Application Case 9.1 Value Analysis Questions311

Return on Investment and Risk Analysis312

Application Case 9.2 Lockheed Martin Uses Ec to Compete313

Application Case 9.3 Marriott s Analysis Emphasizes Shareholders Values314

Electronic Commerce Scenarios314

Strategic Planning Framework:Competitive versus Cooperative Strategies314

9.3 Electronic Commerce Strategy in Action317

What Questions a Strategic Plan Should Answer317

The Steps to Successful EC Programs318

9.4 Competitive Intelligence on the Internet321

Using the Internet to Conduct Competitive Intelligence321

Application Case 9.4 Competitive Intelligence on the Internet321

Using Push Technology for Competitive Intelligence322

9.5 Implementation:Plans and Execution322

A Pilot Project323

Electronic Commerce Leadership323

Application Case 9.5 Examples of Market Leaders324

Uncovering Specific Ec Opportunities and Applications324

Creating a Web Team and Assigning Functional Skills to Subprojects325

Evaluating Outsourcing326

Application Case 9.6 Strategic Directions at Schubb Crop.326

Application Case 9.7 AT T s Cyberspace Solution Helps Businesses Conduct Commerce on the Internet328

Web Content Design328

Security and Control in EC329

9.6 Project and Strategy Assessment329

Need for Assessment329

Measuring Results330

Collecting Information330

Finalization331

9.7 Managerial Issues332

Summary332

Keywords333

Questions for Review333

Questions for Discussion333

Internet Exercises334

Team Exercises334

Real World Case 9.1:Wizards of the Coast.Inc.336

Real World Case 9.2:SkyMall s EC Strategy337

References339

Chapter 10 Public Policy:From Legal Issues to Privacy340

CHAPTER 10 Public Policy:From Legal Issues to Privacy340

10.1 EC-Related Legal Incidents340

Contractual Issues in EC340

Copyright © 2025  最新更新

10.2 Legal,Ethical,and Other Public Policy Issues341

Legal and Ethical Issues:An Overview342

Ethical Issues342

10.3 Protecting Privacy343

Privacy Issues345

How is Private Information Collected?345

Privacy Protection347

Protecting Your Privacy348

Application Case 10.1 Case of Microsoft and Geo Cities Privacy Policies349

Federal Trade Commission(FTC)Audit350

Movement of Advocate Groups and Industry351

Electronic Privacy Information Center(EPIC)351

Privacy Policy Basics-A Sample352

10.4 Protecting Intellectual Property352

Copyright © 2025  最新更新

Application Case 10.2 Copyright Protection versus Free Speech on the Internet354

Domain Names355

10.5 Free Speech,Internet Indecency,and Censorship356

The Free Speech Versus Censorship Issue356

Protecting Children357

Controlling Spamming360

10.6 Taxation and Encryption Policies361

Taxation Policies361

Encryption Policy362

10.7 Other Legal Issues:Contracts,Gambling,and More364

Application Case 10.3 Linking to Your Web Site365

Electronic Contracts365

Gambling366

10.8 Consumer and Seller Protection in EC367

Fraud on the Internet367

Application 10.4 How David Lee Was Cheated by an International Investment Group368

Buyer Protection369

Third-Party Services370

Application Case 10.5 Internet Shopping Rights370

Authentication and Biometric Controls371

Sellers Protection372

10.9 Managerial Issues373

Summary374

Keywords375

Questions for Review375

Questions for Discussion376

Exercises and Debates377

Internet Exercises378

Team Assignments379

References379

CHAPTER 11 Infrastructure for EC381

11.1 It Takes More than Technology381

Virtual Vineyards:Where Content is the Key381

Chapter 11 Infrastructure for EC381

United Parcel Service(UPS)Servicing the Masses383

11.2 A Network of Networks385

11.3 Internet Protocols386

TCP/IP386

Domain Names388

Internet Client/Server Applications388

New World Network:Internet2 and Next Generation Internet(NGI)389

11.4 Web-Based Client/Server390

Hyper Text Transport Protocol390

Web Browsers391

Application Case 11.1 Left Your Browser Behind? Soon a Kiosk May be Coming to the Rescue392

Web Servers393

Commercial Web Servers393

Web Server Usage Survey394

11.5 Internet Security395

Cornerstones of Security395

Encryption396

Digital Signatures:Authenticity and Nondenial398

Digital Certificates and Certificate Authorities(CAs)399

Secure Electronic Transactions400

Firewalls:Access Control400

Secure Socket Layer400

Application Case 11.2 E-Commerce Sites Top Hacker Hit List402

Virtual Private Networks403

11.6 Selling on the Web404

Functional Requirements404

Electronic Commerce Solutions:Outsourcing versus Insourcing405

Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers407

Electronic Commerce Suites408

11.7 Chatting on the Web410

11.8 Multimedia Delivery412

Webcasting412

Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video414

Internet Telephones414

Application Case 11.3 V-Commerce:The Next Frontier?416

11.9 Analyzing Web Visits417

11.10 Managerial Issues417

Summary418

Keywords419

Questions for Review420

Questions for Discussion420

Internet Exercises421

Team Exercises422

Real World Case:Internet Bookseller Realizes 440 Percent Internet Sales Growth423

References423

Chapter 12 Economics,Global,and Other Issues in EC425

CHAPTER 12 Economics,Global,and Other Issues in EC425

12.1 Electronic Distribution of Music by N2K425

12.2 Marketplace versus Marketspace426

12.3 The Components of Digital Economics428

12.4 Competition in Marketspace429

Application Case 12.1 Amazon.com versus Barnes Noble430

Application Case 12.2 Strong Competition in Selling Books,Music And Videos432

12.5 Some Issues in Digital Economy and Success Factors433

The Need for a Critical Mass of Buyers and Sellers433

Quality Uncertainty and Quality Assurance434

Pricing on the Internet435

Contributors to Electronic Market Success436

12.6 Impacts on Industry Structure,Intermediaries,and Others437

The Roles and Value of Brokers in E-Markets438

Potential Winners and Losers in EC440

12.7 Virtual Communities442

The Internet Communities442

12.8 Global Electronic Commerce445

Barriers to Global EC445

The U.S.Policy Regarding Global EC447

Application Case 12.3 Small Businesses and Global Trade448

12.9 Electronic Commerce in Small Companies449

Supporting Small Businesses450

Application Case 12.4 Korean Government Helps Online Business451

12.10 Research in EC452

Behavioral Topics452

Suggested Technical Topics452

Suggested Managerial Research Types452

Internet Usage454

Opportunities for Buying454

Purchasing Incentives454

Increased Security and Trust454

12.11 The Future of EC454

Efficient Information Handling454

Innovative Organizations454

Virtual Communities455

Payment Systems455

Business-to-Business455

Technology Trends455

Summary456

Keywords457

Questions for Review457

Questions for Discussion458

Internet Exercises458

Team Assignment459

Real World Case 1:Chemdex Brings Efficiencies to Chemical Market460

Real World Case 2:New Entrants to the Dutch Flower Market461

References462

APPENDIX A Creating Web Pages463

A.1 HyperText Markup Language(HTML)463

Simple Example463

Appendix A Creating Web Pages463

Linking One Page to Another with Anchor Tags466

Overview of HTML Tags466

Adding Images to a Page467

Displaying Data and Controlling Page Layout with Tables469

Controlling Navigation with Frames471

Sending Information to the Web:Universal Resource Locators versus Forms472

A.2 HTML Editors473

A.3 Cascading Style Sheets and Dynamic HTML474

A.4 Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML)475

A.5 The Coming of XML and XSL477

References482

Appendix B Web Programming:Adding Desktop Interactivity and Dynamic Data Access483

APPENDIX B Web Programming:Adding Desktop Interactivity and Dynamic Data Access483

B.1 Desktop Interactivity and Processing483

Java484

JavaScript and the Document Object Model(DOM)486

A Word About Active X and VBS cript489

B.2 Delivering Dynamic Content489

Common Gateway Interface Programming489

Database Gateways491

Alternative APIs491

Server-Side Scripting492

Maintaining State:Cookies,Hidden Fields,and Other Tricks492

References494

APPENDIX C Software Agents495

C.1 Why Software Agents for EC,Especially Now?495

Information Overload495

Appendix C Software Agents495

Delegate,Do Not Navigate496

Value of Software Agents in a Networked World496

C.2 Brief History of Intelligent Agents497

C.3 Definitions497

Reactivity498

Temporal Continuity498

Goal Drives498

C.5 Simple Software Agents:How Do They Work?498

Autonomy498

C.4 Characteristics of Software Agents:The Essentials498

Automating a Single Set of Tasks within a Single Application498

C.6 Learning Agents499

Value of Learning Agents501

Learning Agents:An Example501

C.7 Keeping Up with and Watching Out for the Future501

References503

Glossary505

Glossary505

Index513

Index513