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PART ONE OVERVIEW1

Chapter 1 Data Communications,Data Networking,and the Internet1

1.1 Data Communications and Networking for Today's Enterprise3

1.2 A Communications Model7

1.3 Data Communications10

1.4 Networks13

1.5 The Internet16

1.6 An Example Configuration20

Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture,TCP/IP,and Internet-Based Applications23

2.1 The Need for a Protocol Architecture24

2.2 The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture25

2.3 The OSI Model33

2.4 Standardization within a Protocol Architecture35

2.5 Traditional Internet-Based Applications39

2.6 Multimedia39

2.7 Recommended Reading44

2.8 Problems45

Appendix 2A The Trivial File Transfer Protocol47

PART TWO DATA COMMUNICATIONS52

Chapter 3 Data Transmission52

3.1 Concepts and Terminology54

3.2 Analog and Digital Data Transmission65

3.3 Transmission Impairments73

3.4 Channel Capacity78

3.5 Recommended Reading83

3.6 Problems83

Appendix 3A Decibels and Signal Strength86

Chapter 4 Transmission Media89

4.1 Guided Transmission Media91

4.2 Wireless Ttansmission104

4.3 Wireless Propagation112

4.4 Line-of-Sight Transmission116

4.5 Recommended Reading120

4.6 Problems121

Chapter 5 Signal Encoding Techniques124

5.1 Digital Data,Digital Signals127

5.2 Digital Data,Analog Signals137

5.3 Analog Data,Digital Signals148

5.4 Analog Data,Analog Signals154

5.5 Recommended Reading161

5.6 Problems161

Chapter 6 Digital Data Communication Techniques165

6.1 Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission167

6.2 Types of Errors171

6.3 Error Detection171

6.4 Error Correction181

6.5 Line Configurations186

6.6 Recommended Reading188

6.7 Problems189

Chapter 7 Data Link Control Protocols192

7.1 Flow Control194

7.2 Error Control201

7.3 High-Level Data Link Control(HDLC)207

7.4 Recommended Reading213

7.5 Problems214

Appendix 7A Performance Issues216

Chapter 8 Multiplexing223

8.1 Frequency-Division Multiplexing226

8.2 Synchronous Time-Division Multiplexing232

8.3 Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing242

8.4 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line249

8.5 xDSL252

8.6 Recommended Reading253

8.7 Problems254

Chapter 9 Spread Spectrum257

9.1 The Concept of Spread Spectrum259

9.2 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum260

9.3 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum265

9.4 Code-Division Multiple Access270

9.5 Recommended Reading273

9.6 Problems273

PART THREE WIDE AR EA NETWORKS277

Chapter 10 Circuit Switching and Packet Switching277

10.1 Switched Communications Networks279

10.2 Circuit Switching Networks281

10.3 Circuit Switching Concepts284

10.4 Softswitch Architecture287

10.5 Packet-Switching Principles289

10.6 X.25297

10.7 Frame Relay299

10.8 Recommended Reading304

10.9 Problems304

Chapter 11 Asynchronous Transfer Mode307

11.1 Protocol Architecture308

11.2 ATM Logical Connections310

11.3 ATM Cells314

11.4 Transmission of ATM Cells319

11.5 ATM Service Categories324

11.6 Recommended Reading327

11.7 Problems328

Chapter 12 Routing in Switched Networks330

12.1 Routing in Packet-Switching Networks331

12.2 Examples:Routing in ARPANET341

12.3 Least-Cost Algorithms346

12.4 Recommended Reading351

12.5 Problems352

Chapter 13 Congestion Control in Data Networks355

13.1 Effects of Congestion357

13.2 Congestion Control361

13.3 Traffic Management364

13.4 Congestion Control in Packet-Switching Networks365

13.5 Frame Relay Congestion Control366

13.6 ATM Traffic Management372

13.7 ATM-GFR Traffic Management384

13.8 Recommended Reading387

13.9 Problems388

Chapter 14 Cellular Wireless Networks391

14.1 Principles of Cellular Networks393

14.2 First Generation Analog405

14.3 Second Generation CDMA407

14.4 Third Generation Systems415

14.5 Recommended Reading418

14.6 Problems419

PART FOUR LOCAL AREA NETWORKS421

Chapter 15 Local Area Network Overview421

15.1 Background423

15.2 Topologies and Transmission Media426

15.3 LAN Protocol Architecture432

15.4 Bridges440

15.5 Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switches448

15.6 Recommended Reading453

15.7 Problems454

Chapter 16 High-Speed LANs456

16.1 The Emergence of High-Speed LANs457

16.2 Ethernet459

16.3 Fibre Channel474

16.4 Recommended Reading478

16.5 Problems480

Appendix 16A Digital Signal Encoding for LANs481

Appendix 16B Performance Issues487

Appendix 16C Scrambling492

Chapter 17 Wireless LANs495

17.1 Overview496

17.2 Wireless LAN Technology501

17.3 IEEE 802.11 Architecture and Services504

17.4 IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control508

17.5 IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer516

17.6 IEEE 802.11 Security Considerations522

17.7 Recommended Reading523

17.8 Problems524

PART FIVE INTERNET AND TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS526

Chapter 18 Internetwork Protocols526

18.1 Basic Protocol Functions528

18.2 Principles of Internetworking536

18.3 Internet Protocol Operation539

18.4 Internet Protocol546

18.5 IPv6556

18.6 Virtual Private Networks and IP Security566

18.7 Recommended Reading569

18.8 Problems570

Chapter 19 Internetwork Operation573

19.1 Multicasting575

19.2 Routing Protocols584

19.3 Integrated Services Architecture595

19.4 Differentiated Services606

19.5 Service Level Agreements615

19.6 IP Performance Metrics616

19.7 Recommended Reading619

19.8 Problems621

Chapter 20 Transport Protocols624

20.1 Connection-Oriented Transport Protocol Mechanisms626

20.2 TCP643

20.3 TCP Congestion Control652

20.4 UDP662

20.5 Recommended Reading664

20.6 Problems664

PART SIX INTERNET APPLICATIONS667

Chapter 21 Network Security667

21.1 Security Requirements and Attacks669

21.2 Confidentiality with Conventional Encryption671

21.3 Message Authentication and Hash Functions679

21.4 Public-Key Encryption and Digital Signatures686

21.5 Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security693

21.6 IPv4 and IPv6 Security698

21.7 Wi-Fi Protected Access703

21.8 Recommended Reading705

21.9 Problems706

Chapter 22 Internet Applications—Electronic Mail and Network Management708

22.1 Electronic Mail:SMTP and MIME710

22.2 Network Management:SNMP725

22.3 Recommended Reading735

22.4 Problems736

Chapter 23 Internet Applications—Internet Directory Service and World Wide Web738

23.1 Internet Directory Service:DNS739

23.2 Web Access:HTTP749

23.3 Recommended Reading760

23.4 Problems761

Chapter 24 Internet Applications—Multimedia763

24.1 Audio and Video Compression764

24.2 Real-Time Traffic772

24.3 Voice Over IP and Multimedia Support—SIP775

24.4 Real-Time Transport Protocol(RTP)784

24.5 Recommended Reading795

24.6 Problems796

APPENDICES797

Appendix Projects and Other Student Exercises for Teaching Data and Computer Communications797

A.1 Practical Exercises798

A.2 Sockets Projects799

A.3 Ethereal Projects799

A.4 Simulation and Modeling Projects800

A.5 Performance Modeling800

A.6 Research Projects801

A.7 Reading/Report Assignments801

A.8 Writing Assignments801

A.9 Discussion Topics802

References803

Index814