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Chapter 1 Risk and Insurance1

Section 1 The Concept of Risk1

1.1 The Definition of Risk1

1.2 The Uncertainty of Risk2

1.3 Peril and Hazard2

Section 2 The Concept of Insurance3

2.1 The Definition of Insurance3

2.2 The Function of Insurance3

2.3 The Classification of Insurance5

Chapter 2 The Basic Principle of Insurance(Ⅰ)-Insurable Interest18

Section 1 The Definition of Insurable Interest18

1.1 Avoiding Gambling19

1.2 Guarding Against Moral Hazard19

1.3 Controlling the Sum Insured19

Section 2 The Application of Insurable Interest20

2.1 Life Insurance20

2.2 Property Insurance20

2.3 Liability Insurance21

Section 3 When Must Insurable Interest Exist?22

Section 4 Common Features of Insurable Interest22

4.1 Insurer's Insurable Interest23

4.2 Enforceable at Law23

4.3 Possession23

4.4 Financial Valuation24

4.5 Assignment of Insurable Interest24

Chapter 3 The Basic Principle of Insurance(Ⅱ)-Indemnity and Contribution33

Section 1 Indemnity33

1.1 Link with Insurable Interest33

1.2 How Is Indemnity Provided?34

1.3 Measurement of Indemnity36

1.4 Factors Limiting the Payment of Indemnity38

Section 2 Contribution39

2.1 Definition of Contribution40

2.2 How Does Contribution Arise?40

2.3 When Does Contribution Operate?40

2.4 Basis of Contribution41

Chapter 4 Subrogation and Proximate Cause50

Section 1 Subrogation50

1.1 Definition of Subrogation50

1.2 Corollary of Indemnity51

1.3 Extent of Subrogation Rights51

1.4 How Does Subrogation Arise?52

1.5 When Does the Right of Subrogation Arise?53

1.6 Modifications to the Operation of Subrogation54

Section 2 Proximate Cause54

2.1 Definition of Proximate Cause54

2.2 Trains of Event55

2.3 How to Determine the Efficient Cause?55

2.4 Examples of Proximate Cause56

2.5 Remote Causes57

2.6 Exclusions57

Chapter 5 Utmost Good Faith68

Section 1 Definition of Utmost Good Faith68

1.1 The Duty of Full Disclosure by the Insurer69

1.2 The Duty of Full Disclosure by the Insured69

Section 2 Duration of the Duty of Disclosure70

2.1 Contractual Duty70

2.2 Position at Renewal71

2.3 Alterations to the Contract71

Section 3 Representations and Warranties71

3.1 Representations71

3.2 Warranties72

Section 4 Breach of the Doctrine of Utmost Good Faith73

4.1 Misrepresentation73

4.2 Non-disclosure74

Section 5 Remedies for Breach of Utmost Good Faith74

5.1 Options for the Aggrieved Party74

5.2 Compulsory Insurances75

Chapter 6 Insurance Contract85

Section 1 Definition of General Contract85

1.1 Agreement85

1.2 Intention to Create Legal Relations86

1.3 Consideration86

1.4 Form Required by Law87

1.5 Contractual Capacity87

Section 2 Definition of Insurance Contract87

Section 3 The Form of Insurance Contract88

3.1 Proposer Form88

3.2 Cover Note88

3.3 Insurance Certificate89

3.4 Insurance Policy89

Section 4 The Main Body,and the Objects of Insurance Contract89

4.1 The Main Body of Insurance Contract89

4.2 The Objects of Insurance Contract89

Section 5 The Contents of Insurance Contract90

5.1 Provisions90

5.2 The Main Contents of the Insurance Policy91

Section 6 The Conclusion of Insurance Contract91

6.1 The Principle of Entering an Insurance Contract91

6.2 The Novation of an Insurance Contract92

6.3 Transfer of Rights of Insurance Contracts92

Chapter 7 Insurance Market102

Section 1 London Insurance Market102

Section 2 London Insurance Companies103

Section 3 London Insurance Organizations104

3.1 Association of British Insurers104

3.2 Institute of London Underwriters104

3.3 London Insurance and Reinsurance Market Association105

3.4 Fringe Companies106

3.5 Contact Offices106

3.6 Protection and Indemnity Clubs and Other Mutual Companies106

3.7 Pools107

3.8 Lloyd's of London107

Section 4 Insurance Intermediaries108

4.1 Insurance Brokers108

4.2 Insurance Agent109

Section 5 Recent Changes in London Insurance Market109

Chapter 8 Reinsurance121

Section 1 Ceding Company and the Reinsurer121

Section 2 Types of Reinsurance122

2.1 Proportional Reinsurance Treaty122

2.2 Non-proportional Reinsurance124

Section 3 Retention126

3.1 Retention Under Proportional Reinsurance126

3.2 Retention Under Non-proportional Reinsurance127

3.3 Retention Limits128

Chapter 9 The Structure of Foreign Insurance Companies137

Section 1 Insurance Companies as Business Organizations137

1.1 Sole Proprietorship137

1.2 Partnership138

1.3 Corporation138

Section 2 Insurance Companies as Financial Institutions139

2.1 Insurance Companies Are Parts of Financial Service Industry139

2.2 The Mixture of Financial Institutions140

Section 3 Types of Insurance Company Organizations140

3.1 Stock Insurance Companies140

3.2 Mutual Insurance Companies141

Section 4 Organizational Operations142

4.1 Home Office142

4.2 Regional Office142

Chapter 10 Regulations of Insurance Industry150

Section 1 Insurance Regulations in the United States150

1.1 State Regulation151

1.2 Federal Regulation154

Section 2 Insurance Regulations in Canada155

2.1 Federal Regulation155

2.2 Provincial Regulation157

Section 3 Insurance Regulations in China159

3.1 Market Admittance160

3.2 The Construction of Insurance Regulatory Organizations162

Appendix Ⅰ Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China171

Appendix Ⅱ204

1．Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of PICC204

2．Air Transportation Cargo Insurance Clauses208

3．Insurance Proposal,Insurance Policy and Endorsement211

参考书目215