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Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.1 Goals1

1.2 Related literature on Merge6

1.2.1 Pre-Minimalist origin of Merge6

1.2.2 Chomsky's Merge10

1.2.3 Alternative types of Merge15

1.3 Theoretical framework and core assumptions18

1.3.1 Minimalist framework18

1.3.2 Core assumptions22

1.3.2.1 Uninterpretable features22

1.3.2.2 Phrase structure for the English language22

1.3.2.3 Case assignment26

1.3.2.4 ［EPP］again27

1.3.2.5 θ-role assignment29

1.4 Organization of the book29

Chapter 2 Box Structure Analysis of the Pronoun-Determiner Structure33

2.1 A long-standing puzzle34

2.2 Two possible structural descriptions36

2.3 Box Structure analysis40

2.3.1 Redefine the problem41

2.3.2 Feature-matching generalization42

2.3.3 （Im）possible structures48

2.3.4 Box Structure：a proposal55

2.3.5 Third person pronouns again63

2.3.6 Summary65

2.4 INTO-Merge as Pair-Merge66

2.5 Uninterpretable feature(s)of Box-contents70

2.6 Conclusion73

Chapter 3 There-Expletive Construction：Another Case of Merging into Pro-DP75

3.1 There-expletive construction：problems and explanations76

3.1.1 Problems of the there-expletive construction76

3.1.2 There-insertion analyses in the Minimalist framework81

3.1.3 There-movement analyses87

3.1.4 Summary94

3.2 Box Structure in the there-expletive construction95

3.2.1 There-associate：another Box Structure in English95

3.2.2 There in Raising,ECM and for-to constructions104

3.2.3 Passive existential construction107

3.3 Case properties of the expletive there and the associate114

3.4 Box Structure as Phase120

3.5 Early INTO-Merge vs.late INTO-Merge125

3.6 Conclusion132

Chapter 4 It-Expletive Construction：A Case of Merging into Pro-CP134

4.1 Previous studies of the it-expletive construction136

4.1.1 Against the associate CP as argument137

4.1.2 Against the associate CP as adjunct141

4.1.3 It-movement analyses143

4.2 Box Structure analysis146

4.2.1 Box Structure analysis of the it-expletive construction：a proposal146

4.2.2 Advantages of the Box Structure analysis160

4.2.3 Expletive it in Accusative Case position165

4.2.4 It-expletive construction with psych-verbs175

4.2.5 Summary183

4.3 Nature of the it-Box：extending the Box Structure184

4.3.1 It-Box：not a pro-DP Box184

4.3.2 Extending the Box Structure186

4.3.3 It-Box：not a pro-CP Box187

4.3.4 Box Structure within the expletive it189

4.4 Selecting the expletive it197

4.4.1 What kind of predicates selects it？198

4.4.2 What kind of it do predicates select？205

4.5 Conclusion207

Chapter 5 Sentential Subject Structure：Another Case of Merging into Pro-CP210

5.1 Previous studies of the sentential subject structure212

5.1.1 Against sentential subjects as argument212

5.1.2 Against sentential subjects as directly merged Topic217

5.2 Box Structure analysis225

5.2.1 Null referential it in the sentential subject structure225

5.2.2 Box Structure analysis of the sentential subject structure232

5.2.3 Advantages of the Box Structure analysis244

5.3 Predicate distribution of the sentential subject structure248

5.3.1 Predicate distribution generalization249

5.3.2 Predicates that are allowed252

5.3.3 Predicates that are forbidden255

5.4 Licensing the null referential it259

5.4.1 Null referential it in Accusative Case position260

5.4.2 Factive Case Hypothesis269

5.4.3 So-called Topic behaviors of sentential subjects275

5.5 Conclusion284

Chapter 6 Extending the Box Structure287

6.1 Pro-PP Box in outside verbal there-sentences288

6.1.1 Properties of outside verbals290

6.1.1.1 Definites in outside verbals290

6.1.1.2 Predicate distribution292

6.1.1.3 （Sub）extraction of associate DPs and yes-no question formation294

6.1.1.4 Embedding phenomena296

6.1.1.5 PP obligatoriness298

6.1.1.6 Other properties300

6.1.1.7 Summary302

6.1.2 Pro-PP Box Structure analysis of outside verbals304

6.1.2.1 VP structure305

6.1.2.2 Box Structure analysis of outside verbals308

6.1.2.3 Accounting for outside verbals317

6.1.2.3.1 （Lack of）Definiteness Effect318

6.1.2.3.2 PP obligatoriness320

6.1.2.3.3 Yes-no question formation and embedding contexts322

6.1.2.3.4 Remarks on other properties326

6.1.3 There-insertion analysis330

6.1.4 Presentational-there and outside verbals333

6.1.5 Conclusion337

6.2 Box Structure analysis of English locative inversion construction338

6.2.1 Parallels between LI and outside verbals339

6.2.1.1 Predicate distribution339

6.2.1.2 （Sub）extraction of post-verbal DPs and yes-no question formation341

6.2.1.3 Embedding phenomena343

6.2.1.4 Other properties344

6.2.1.5 Summary345

6.2.2 Pro-PP Box Structure analysis of LI346

6.2.2.1 Preliminaries346

6.2.2.2 The proposal348

6.2.2.3 Accounting for the properties of LI351

6.2.3 Arguments against null-there analysis358

6.2.4 Advantages of the proposed analysis363

6.2.4.1 Previous analyses of LI363

6.2.4.2 Subject properties of the inverted PP368

6.2.4.3 Motivation for PP movement371

6.2.4.4 Erasing optionality373

6.2.5 Conclusion374

6.3 Extending the Box Structure375

6.4 Conclusion385

Chapter 7 Conclusion and Further Issues388

Bibliography395

后记432