音系学 第2版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Revision of Phonetics1

1.Consonants1

2.Vowels8

1 The Phonemic Principle13

1.1 The language of phonology14

1.2 Phonemic rules20

1.3 Phonological representations27

1.4 Concluding remarks29

Exercises29

Further reading31

2 Alternations32

2.1 The internal structure of words32

2.2 Testing hypotheses about rules and representations35

2.3 Morphophonological alternations37

2.4 Choosing between analyses38

2.5 Deletion and insertion39

2.6 The ordering of rules40

2.7 Concluding remarks46

Exercises46

Further reading49

3 Features,Classes and Systems50

3.1 Expressing generalisations50

3.2 Features（i）51

3.3 General remarks56

3.4 Features（ii）57

3.5 Features in representations64

3.6 Features in rules66

3.7 Implicational relationships72

Exercises74

Notes77

Further reading77

4 Problems with the Phonemic Principle79

4.1 Contrast and neutralisation79

4.2 Contrast and the minimal pair84

4.3 An alternative to the phonemic principle:generative phonology92

Exercises93

Further reading96

5 The Organisation of the Grammar97

5.1 The lexicon97

5.2 The location of morphology101

5.3 The phonological component vs the lexicon105

5.4 Summing up112

Exercises113

Notes115

Further reading115

6 Abstractness,Psychological Reality and the Phonetics/Phonology Relation117

6.1 Ordering relations and rule application in the SPE model117

6.2 Absolute neutralisation122

6.3 Abstractness and psychological reality127

6.4 Underlying representations and naturalness134

6.5 Abstractness,phonological change and child language acquisition138

Exercises140

Further reading143

7 The Role of the Lexicon145

7.1 Phonology and morphology revisited:lexical phonology145

7.2 Lexical and postlexical application151

7.3 Structure preservation,abstractness and productivity153

7.4 Redundancy and underspecification155

Exercises161

Notes163

Further reading164

8 Representations Reconsidered（i）:Phonological Structure above the Level of the Segment166

8.1 Lexical rules,phonotactics and the syllable166

8.2 Syllabification and syllable-based generalisations171

8.3 Extrasyllabicity,the CV tier and abstractness177

8.4 The CV tier,segment length and complex segments182

8.5 Stress assignment,rhythm and the foot187

8.6 Symmetry,clash avoidance and the metrical grid197

8.7 Prosodic domains and the syntax/phonology relationship201

Exercises206

Notes208

9 Representations Reconsidered（ii）:Autosegmental and Subsegmental Phonology213

9.1 Nasality,segmental and suprasegmental213

9.2 Vowel harmony219

9.3 Dominant/recessive harmony230

9.4 Feature geometry and subsegmental structure233

Exercises237

Notes238

10 Phonological Weight240

10.1 Weight and time240

10.2 The basic architecture242

10.3 The weight of codas243

10.4 The structure of geminates246

10.5 Stress-to-weight and weight-to-stress249

10.6 Moraic theory and compensatory lengthening250

10.7 The word-final weight asymmetry254

Exercises255

Further reading257

11 Optimality Theory258

11.1 The basic architecture258

11.2 The logic of output-driven models262

11.3 Positional constraints263

11.4 The factorial typology266

11.5 The nature of the input269

11.6 The prosody-melody interface274

11.7 Positional markedness vs positional faithfulness277

11.8 Conclusion281

Exercises283

Further reading285

12 Issues in Optimality286

12.1 Opacity:problems287

12.2 Output-to-output correspondence291

12.3 Re-analysing cyclicity293

12.4 Opacity:some proposed answers296

12.5 Conclusion307

Exercises308

Further reading310

Feature Specifications for Consonants312

Sample Answers to Exercises314

References322

Subject Index334

Language Index337