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Part Ⅰ　Sun Certified System Administrator Examination for Solaris 9 Study Guide,Exam 310-0111

1 Understanding System Concepts3

Defining System Administration Terms4

Daemons4

Exercise 1-1:Viewing the Processes on a System5

Shells6

Exercise 1-2:Changing the Shell7

File Systems8

Kernels9

Operating Systems10

Defining the Effects of Various man Command Options in Viewing Online Manual Pages11

Exercise 1-3:Using the man Command12

Two-Minute Drill17

Self Test18

Lab Question19

Self Test Answers20

Lab Answer21

2 Administering the Boot PROM23

Introduction to OpenBoot24

Using OpenBoot PROM Commands27

Knowing the Combination of Actions Required to Interrupt a Nonresponsive System29

Using the STOP-A Keyboard Combination31

Using Command Strings to Manipulate Custom Device Aliases32

Using the devalias Command36

Exercise 2-1:Using the nvedit Command36

Two-Minute Drill39

Self Test41

Lab Question43

Self Test Answers45

Lab Answer47

3 Installing the Solaris Operating Environment49

Installing the Solaris Operating Environment Software on a Networked Standalone System50

Versions of Solaris51

Installation Options52

Hardware Requirements53

Software Packages,Clusters,and Groups55

Preinstallation Planning57

The System Installation59

Exercise 3-1:Installing the Solaris Operating System64

Understanding the Functions of Package Administration Commands66

The pkgadd Command67

The pkginfo Command68

The pkgchk Command69

The pkgrm Command70

Exercise 3-2:Working with Package Commands71

Understanding the Steps to Install,Remove,and Verify Which Patches Are Currently Installed72

Obtaining Patches73

Decomposing a Patch74

The patchadd Command75

The patchrm Command76

The showrev Command76

Exercise 3-3:Installing and Removing Patches77

Two-Minute Drill80

Self Test82

Lab Question84

Self Test Answers85

Lab Answer87

4 Initialization and Shutdown89

Understanding the Solaris 9 Operating Environment Bootstrap Process90

The Boot Process91

Exercise 4-1:The Solaris 9 Bootstrap Process97

Understanding and Working with Solaris Run Levels99

How Run Levels Work100

Working with Run Levels103

Exercise 4-2:Working with Solaris Run Levels105

Two-Minute Drill108

Self Test110

Lab Question112

Self Test Answers113

Lab Answer115

5 User Administration117

Understanding Login Procedures118

Logging in to a System119

Logging Off of a System121

Changing Login Passwords121

Identifying Users Who Are Currently Logged in to the System123

Adding,Modifying,or Deleting User and Group Accounts on the Local System127

The useradd Command128

The groupadd Command130

The usermod Command130

The groupmod Command131

The userdel Command132

The groupdel Command132

Listing the Shell Initialization Files Used to Set Up a User's Work Environment at Login133

Initialization Files134

Defining a Variable in the.profile File135

Maintaining the/etc/profile File135

Customizing the Templates in the/etc/skel Directory136

Two-Minute Drill139

Self Test140

Lab Question141

Self Test Answers142

Lab Answer143

6 Solaris File Security145

Using Regular Expressions to Search the Contents of Files146

Exercise 6-1:Using the grep Command149

Using Command Sequences to Display or Modify File and Directory Permissions150

The ls Command150

Exercise 6-2:Using Various Options of the ls Command154

The chmod Command156

Exercise 6-3:Using chmod158

Understanding the Effects of Selected umask Values on the Permissions Assigned to Newly Created Files and Directories162

Creating,Modifying,and Deleting Access Control Lists163

Using getfacl to Display ACLs163

Exercise 6-4:Displaying File Information165

Using setfacl to Set ACLs166

Exercise 6-5:Using ACL Entries169

Two-Minute Drill171

Self Test172

Lab Question175

Self Test Answers176

Lab Answer178

7 Understanding Process Control179

Using Commands to Display Information for All Active Processes on the System180

Using the ps Command to View Process Information180

Using the prstat Command to View Process Information185

Using the sdtprocess Command to View Process Information187

Understanding the Effect of Sending a Specified Signal to a Process190

Common Signals194

Using Commands to Terminate an Active Process197

Using kill to Terminate a Process197

Using pkill to Terminate a Process199

Using sdtprocess to Terminate a Process200

Exercise 7-1:Killing a Process with the Process Manager200

Two-Minute Drill202

Self Test204

Lab Question207

Self Test Answers208

Lab Answer209

8 Working with File Systems211

Knowing the Types of File Systems in the Solaris Operating Environment212

File Systems in General212

Solaris File System Types213

Exercise 8-1 Understanding Solaris File System Types216

Performing Common File System Administration Tasks216

Creating New UFS File Systems216

The fsck Utility218

Why fsck Is Necessary218

How to Check and Repair a File System219

Displaying Disk Space Usage by File Systems220

Displaying the Size of a Directory221

Displaying Disk Usage by Username223

Exercise 8-2:Examining Disk Space Usage by User224

Understanding the Effect of the Commonly Used Options of the mount Command226

The mount and umount Commands226

Commonly Used mount Options226

Mounting and Unmounting Local File Systems228

Exercise 8-3 Using mount and umount229

Mounting a File System of a Specified Type230

Differentiating Between tbe/etc/mnttab and/etc/vfstab Files231

Exercise 8-4:The Mounted File System Table231

Setting Up Your System to Mount a Local File System Automatically at Boot Time233

Exercise 8-5:Using the Virtual File System Table233

Understanding the Intended Purpose of Directories236

The Contents and Purpose of the Default Solaris 9 File Systems236

Accessing Data on Disks or CD-ROMs238

How to Format a Floppy Disk238

How to Place a ufs on a DOS-Formatted Disk239

How to Load a Disk239

How to Examine the Contents of a Disk240

How to Read and Write Information on a Disk240

How to Find Out If a Disk Is Still in Use241

How to Eiect a Disk242

Exercise 8-6 Using a Floppy Disk242

How to Load a CD-ROM243

How to Examine the Contents of a CD-ROM243

How to Copy Information from a CD-ROM244

How to Determine Whether a CD-ROM Is Still in Use244

How to Eject a CD-ROM245

Two-Minute Drill247

Self Test249

Lab Question252

Self Test Answers253

Lab Answer256

9 Working with Files and Directories257

Reducing the Size of Files and Directories for Tape Storage258

The tar Command259

The compress,uncompress,and zcat Commands260

The pack,unpack,and pcat Commands262

The zip Command263

Exercise 9-1:Reducing File Size for Storage to Tape264

Understanding Regular Files,Directories,Symbolic Links,Device Files,and Hard Links266

Regular Files267

Directories268

Symbolic Links269

Device Files270

Hard Links271

Exercise 9-2:Working with Different Types of Files272

Two-Minute Drill276

Self Test278

Lab Question280

Self Test Answers281

Lab Answer282

10 Understanding the Boot Process285

Understanding boot Command Functions286

Exercise 10-1:Mixing and Matching288

Reporting the Current Runlevel of a Solaris System288

Exercise 10-2:What's Your Runlevel?290

Differentiating Between Basic Sand K Script Activities291

Exercise 10-4:Using the stop and start Scripts291

Two-Minute Drill295

Self Test296

Lab Question298

Self Test Answers299

Lab Answer300

11 Configuring Disks301

Understanding Sun Hard Disks302

Hard Disk Mechanics302

Storing Data304

Exercise 11-1:Restoring a Bad Superblock306

Disk Types308

Disk Naming310

Understanding the Uses of Character(Raw)Disks and Block Disks311

Adding Disks312

Adding New Device Configuration Information Without a Reboot of Solaris314

Exercise 11-2:Using the devfsadm Command315

Removing Disks315

Two-Minute Drill318

Self Test319

Lab Question321

Self Test Answers322

Lab Answer323

12 Working with the Format Command325

Using the format Command326

Exercise 12-1:Using Options with the format Command327

Using the Menu Selections for the format Command328

The disk Command329

The type Command330

The partition Command330

The current Command330

The format Command330

The repair Command331

The label Command331

The analyze Command332

Exercise 12-2:Using the analyze/verify Command333

The defect Command334

The backup Command335

The verify Command335

The save Command335

The inquiry Command336

The volname Command336

The quit Command336

Using the Menu Selections for the partition Subcommand Under the format Command337

The Numbers(0-7)340

The select Command341

The modify Command341

Exercise 12-3:Partition a Disk Using the All Free Hog Table342

The name Command344

The print Command344

The label Command344

Two-Minute Drill346

Self Test347

Lab Question349

Self Test Answers350

Lab Answer351

13 Performing Backup and Recovery353

Understanding the Functions of Backup,Archive,and Restore Utilities354

The ufsdump Command354

The ufsrestore Command358

The tar Command362

The cpio Command365

The dd Command368

Which Command Is Best for Certain Tasks?369

Exercise 13-1:Using tar370

Backing Up a File System to Tape371

Boot to Single-User Mode371

Backing Up the File System372

Verifying the Backup372

Exercise 13-2:Using ufsdump374

Restoring a File System from Tape375

Booting from a CD-ROM and Preparing the New Disk Drive375

Mounting the Disk and Restoring from Backup376

Exercise 13-3:Using ufsrestore378

Two-Minute Drill380

Self Test381

Lab Question383

Self Test Answers384

Lab Answer385

14 Utilizing Basic Command Syntax387

Moving Between Specified Points in a Directory Tree388

Absolute Addressing of File System Objects390

Relative Addressing of File System Objects390

Commands for Navigating the File System392

Exercise 14-1:Exploring the Solaris File System393

Using Metacharacter Combinations to Access Files and Directories Within the Directory Tree394

Matching Any Single Character396

Matching a Defined Set of Characters396

Matching Zero or More Contiguous Characters397

Mixing and Matching Metacharacters to Zero in the Perfect Match398

Applying Metacharacters to the UNIX File System398

Exercise 14-2:Using Metacharacters to Navigate the File System400

Listing Directory Contents and Determining the File Types Within a Directory400

Listing the Contents of a Directory401

Determining File Types403

Exercise 14-3:Assessing the Contents of Directories404

Using Commands to Create or Remove Directories405

Creating Directories with mkdir405

Removing Directories with rmdir406

Exercise 14-4:Adding and Removing Directories407

Using Commands to Copy,Create,Rename,or Remove Files408

Copying Files Using cp408

Creating Files Using touch and Output Redirection409

Renaming and Moving Files Using mv410

Removing Files Using rm411

Exercise 14-5:Copying,Renaming,Creating,and Deleting Files413

Two-Minute Drill415

Self Test417

Lab Question419

Self Test Answers420

Lab Answer421

15 Working with the vi Editor425

Switching Among the vi Editor's Three Modes of Operation426

Starting the vi Editor427

Editor Modes of vi Operation427

Reading,Writing,and Saving Files428

Using the vi Editor Commands to Move the Cursor,and to Create,Delete,Copy,and Move Text430

Editing Text with vi430

Exercise 15-1:Adding a Line of Text to the Bottom of a Document432

Copying and Moving Text434

Exercise 15-2:Editing Text435

Using vi Command Sequences to Search and Replace436

Searching for Text436

Searching and Replacing Text437

Two-Minute Drill439

Self Test440

Lab Question442

Self Test Answers443

Lab Answer444

16 Working with a Remote Connection445

Performing Remote System Operations446

Using rlogin446

Remote Shell(rsh)451

Remote Copy(rcp)452

Exercise 16-1:Remotely Executing Commands454

Transferring Files Between a Local System and a Remote System455

Exercise 16-2 Transferring and Receiving Files Using fip460

Two-Minute Drill462

Self Test463

Lab Question465

Self Test Answers466

Lab Answer467

Part Ⅱ Sun Certified Administrator Examination for Solaris 9 Study Guide,Exam 310-012469

17 Understanding the Client/Server Relationship471

Understanding the Servers Used in the Solaris 9 Network Environment473

Action Servers475

Application Servers475

Caching-Only Servers475

Communications Servers475

Print Servers476

Session Servers476

X-Servers476

Exercise 17-1:Remote Browsing477

Understanding the Clients Used in the Solaris 9 Network Environment479

Dataless Clients479

Diskful Clients480

Diskless Clients480

Two-Minute Drill481

Self Test482

Lab Question483

Self Test Answers484

Lab Answer485

18 Understanding the Solaris Network Environment487

Recognizing the Function of Each Layer of OSI Model488

Encapsulation489

Application Layer490

Presentation Layer490

Session Layer491

Transport Layer491

Network Layer491

Data Link Layer491

Physical Layer492

Exercise 18-1:Identifying the Function of Each OSI Layer492

Defining the Function of Each Layer in the TCP/IP Model492

Application Layer493

Transport Layer494

Internet Layer495

Hardware and Network Interface Layers496

Exercise 18-2:TCP/IP Addressing496

Understanding the Features and Functions of the Ethernet498

CSMA/CD498

The Ethernet Frame499

Ethernet Addressing500

Exercise 18-3:Identifying a System's Ethernet Address501

Understanding the Characteristics of RARP and ARP502

Exercise 18-4:Understanding arp Commands507

Using Commands to Display Information About the Local Network Interface508

The ifconfig Command508

The netstat Command511

Exercise 18-5:Using Network Interface Management Commands511

Understanding the Relationship Between the RPC Service and the rpcbind Process512

Exercise 18-6:Examining RPC Services513

Listing Registered RPC Services514

Exercise 18-7:Examining RPC Commands515

Starting and Stopping Network Services via the Command Line515

Two-Minute Drill517

Self Test519

Lab Question522

Self Test Answers523

Lab Answer524

19 Utilizing Solaris syslogc527

Understanding the Functions of syslog528

Understanding the Syntax of the syslog Configuration File529

Deducing syslog Behavior from Its Configuration File533

Configuring syslog Messages to Increase the Logging Level for login and Telnet535

Using the Command Line to Update the System Log537

Exercise 19-1:Using logger to Enhance System-Logging Capabilities538

Two-Minute Drill541

Self Test543

Lab Question545

Self Test Answers546

Lab Answer547

20 Disk Management549

Using Utilities to Create,Check,and Mount File Systems550

Creating File Systems550

Mounting File Systems555

Checking File Systems557

Exercise 20-1:Creating and Manipulating a File System560

Understanding the Logical Pathname Differences Between Physical Disks and Virtual Disks561

Exercise 20-2:Fun with Virtual Disk Management Software562

Knowing the Advantages of a Virtual Disk Management Application563

Understanding the Characteristics and Functions of DiskSuite and Sun StorEdge VM565

Solstice DiskSuite565

Sun StorEdge Volume Manager569

Two-Minute Drill573

Self Test574

Lab Question576

Self Test Answers577

Lab Answer578

21 Solaris Pseudo File Systems and Swap Space579

Understanding the Characteristics of Solaris Pseudo File System Types580

Characteristics of procfs581

Characteristics of the Virtual Memory System583

Exercise 21-1:Determining Available Swap Space585

Using Commands to Extract Information from Entries in the/proc Directory585

Process Information Command Examples587

Exercise 21-2:Analyzing a Core File with pwdx590

Creating and Adding a Swap File to the System Swap Space591

Listing Existing Swap Areas591

Creating and Adding a New Local Swap File592

Creating and Adding an NFS-Mounted Swap File592

Modifying vfstab to Make It Stick593

Exercise 21-3:Adding a Local File to System Swap Space594

Two-Minute Drill596

Self Test597

Lab Question599

Self Test Answers600

Lab Answer601

22 Working with NFS603

Understanding the Functions of NFS Servers and Clients604

Making Resources Available and Unavailable for Mounting as Shared Resources605

The NFS Server Daemons606

The NFS Client Daemons607

The share Command607

Exercise 22-1:Using the share Command608

The unshare Command609

Exercise 22-2:Using the unshare Command609

Using the/etc/dfs/dfstab File on an NFS Server to Enable Automatic Sharing of Resources609

Exercise 22-3:Editing the/etc/dfstab File610

Displaying a Server？s Available Resources for Mounting610

Exercise 22-4:Using the showmount Command611

Mounting a Resource from Another System611

Using the/etc/vfstab File to Enable Persistent Mounting of Resources on an NFS Client613

Manually Mounting and Unmounting with mountall,umountall,shareall,and unshareall614

Two-Minute Drill620

Self Test622

Lab Question625

Self Test Answers626

Lab Answer628

23 Using AutoFS631

Understanding the Benefits of Using the Automount Utility632

Automatic File System Mounting633

Unmounting File Systems634

Using Centralized Naming Services for Manageability634

Using Redundancy to Make File Systems Highly Available634

Exercise 23-1:Knowing the Layout of File Systems on Your System635

Defining the Types of Automount Maps636

The Components of AutoFS637

How AutoFS Works637

Master Maps638

Direct Maps639

Indirect Maps640

Special Maps642

Exercise 23-2:Creating a User and a Home Directory643

Setting Up Automount to Read a Direct Map644

Editing the/etc/auto_master Master Map644

Creating and Editing/etc/auto_direct Direct Map645

Restarting the AutoFS Service646

Exercise 23-3:Setting Up Direct Maps647

Determining When the Automount Daemon Should Be Restarted648

Restarting via the automount Command649

Restarting via the/etc/init.d/autofs Startup Script649

Modifying the Default Idle Timeout Value650

Troubleshooting651

Exercise 23-4:Stopping and Restarting the AutoFS Service652

Two-Minute Drill654

Self Test655

Lab Question657

Self Test Answers658

Lab Answer659

24 Working with the Cache File System661

Configuring the Cache File System in an Existing Client/Server Environment662

Creating the Initial Cache Directory663

Mounting Remote File Systems Within the Cache665

Exercise 24-1:CacheFS Setup and Mounting668

Using Appropriate Commands to Check the Status and Consistency of the Cache File System670

Checking the Status of CacheFS670

Checking the Consistency of CacheFS673

Exercise 24-2:Checking Status and Consistency674

Setting Up Cache File System Logging676

Configuring Logging Using cachefslog676

Viewing the CacheFS Log File677

Modifying the Cache678

Stopping CacheFS Logging679

Exercise 24-3:CacheFS Logging Setup and Analysis679

Performing a Check of the Cache File System680

Exercise 24-4:CacheFS Integrity Checking682

Identifying the Steps to Dismantle and Delete a Cache File System682

Deleting Cache File Systems from the Cache Directory683

Deleting the Cache Directory684

Exercise 24-5:Deleting CacheFS685

Two-Minute Drill687

Self Test689

Lab Question691

Self Test Answers692

Lab Answer693

25 Understanding Naming Services695

Understanding the Purpose of a Naming Service696

Centralized Administration696

Consistency696

Preventing a Single Point of Failure697

Defining the Various Naming Services and Comparing Their Functionality697

Domain Nane Service698

Network Information Service700

Network Information Service Plus701

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol704

Identifying the Right Naming Service to Use for Your Network704

Naming Service Switch File705

Two-Minute Drill709

Self Test710

Lab Question712

Self Test Answers713

Lab Answer714

26 Using Network Information Service(NIS)715

Understanding the Processes and Components of the NIS Domain:Master,Slave,and Client717

Exercise 26-1:Configuring a Name Service Domain717

Exercise 26-2:Configuring the/etc/nsswitch.conf File for the NIS Environment720

The NIS Master Server723

The NIS Slave Server724

The NIS Client724

Configuring an NIS Master,Slave,and Client725

Configuring an NIS Master Server725

Exercise 26-3:Preparing the NIS Master Server725

Exercise 26-4:Configuring the NIS Master Server726

Configuring the NIS Slave Server727

Exercise 26-5:Configuring the NIS Master Server727

Configuring the NIS Client728

Exercise 26-6:Configuring the NIS Client728

Adding a New NIS Map to an Existing Network729

Exercise 26-7:Adding a New NIS Map to an Existing Domain730

Exercise 26-8:Adding a New NIS Map to the Makefile730

Updating and Propagating an NIS Map in an Existing Network731

Exercise 26-9:Updating and Propagating Existing Maps732

Adding and Removing NIS Slave Servers in the Existing NIS Environment733

Exercise 26-10:Adding or Removing an NIS Slave Server from the Domain733

Exercise 26-11:Stopping and Starting the NIS Service734

Two-Minute Drill735

Self Test737

Lab Question739

Self Test Answers741

Lab Answer742

27 Utilizing Role-Based Access Control745

Relating Role-Based Access Control to Solaris Security746

A Look at the Traditional Solaris Security Model746

The RBAC Security Model750

Exercise 27-1:Traditional Solaris Security:Setting the SUID Bit752

Understanding the Role-Based Access Control Database Features753

RBAC Database Format753

RBAC Tools760

Exercise 27-2:Adding a New Role to the System765

Two-Minute Drill766

Self Test767

Lab Question769

Self Test Answers770

Lab Answer771

28 Solaris Management Console and Solstice Admin Suite773

The Solaris Management Console774

AdminSuite774

Understanding the Configuration of the Solaris Management Console775

Configuring the Toolbox Using the GUI777

Exercise 28-1:Adding Links to Other Toolboxes777

Exercise 28-2:Creating a Local or Server Toolbox781

Exercise 28-3:Adding Folders to the Toolbox784

Exercise 28-4:Adding Tools to the Toolbox785

Exercise 28-5:Modifying the Toolbox Item Properties787

Exercise 28-6:Adding a Legacy Application to the Toolbox788

Understanding the Features of the Solaris Management Console789

User Administration790

Process Control791

Cron Job Control791

Disk Management792

UFS Mounts and NFS Shares Management792

Serial Port Management792

Log Maintenance792

Understanding the Features of the Solaris AdminSuite792

Installation on a Solaris System793

Installation on a Windows System796

Running AdminSuite800

Two-Minute Drill801

Self Test802

Lab Question803

Self Test Answers804

Lab Answer804

29 JumpStart Automatic Installation807

Defining the Main Components of a JumpStart Server808

Using the add_install_client Script Syntax811

Using the Boot Service Function on a Subnet812

Exercise 29-1:Creating a Boot Server812

Understanding the Events That Occur During the JumpStart Client Boot Sequence813

Using the Necessary Files to Support the JumpStart Boot Operation814

Understanding the sysidcfg File With and Without Name Service Support815

Setting Up a JumpStart Install Server System817

Exercise 29-2:Creating an Install Server817

Using the add_to_install_server,modify_install_server,and add_install_client Scripts818

The add_to_install_server Script818

The modify_install_server Script819

The add_install_client Script819

Creating a Configuration Server with a Customized Rules File and Class Files819

Exercise 29-3:Creating the Configuration Server820

Configuring NIS Name Service Support for JumpStart825

Two-Minute Drill831

Self Test833

Lab Question835

Self Test Answers836

Lab Answer838

Part Ⅲ Appendixes839

A What's New in Solaris 9841

B About the CD845

System Requirements846

Installing and Running MasterExam846

MasterExam846

Electronic Book847

LearnKey Online Training847

Help847

Removing Installation(s)847

Technical Support848

LearnKey Technical Support848

Glossary849

Index869