枪炮噪声与爆炸声的特性和防治2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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第一章 声学基础知识1

1．1Sound Wave and Acoustic Field1

1．1．1 The Physical Concept of Sound Wave1

1．1．2 Sound Pressure and Acoustic Field1

Chapter 1 Elementary Knowledge of Acoustics1

1．1声波与声场1

1．1．2声压与声场1

1．1．1声波的物理概念1

1．2．1基本参数和假设5

1．2．1 Basic Parameters and Assumptions5

1．2 Linear and Non-linear Sound Wave Equation5

1．2线性声波方程和非线性声波方程5

1．2．2 Linear and Non-linear Sound Wave Equation5

1．2．2线性声波方程与非线性声波方程5

1．3．1声波的反射和折射7

1．3．1 Reflection and Refraction of Sound Wave7

1．3声波的反射、折射和衍射7

1．3 Reflection, Refraction and Difraction of Sound Wave7

1．3．2 Difraction of Sound Wave10

1．3．2声波的衍射10

1．4．1声功率和声强11

1．4 Description of Sound Field11

1．4．1 Sound Power and Sound Indensity11

1．4．2 Sound Pressure Level ,Sound Indensity Level and Sound Power Level11

1．4声场的描述11

1．4．2声压级、声强级与声功率级11

1．4．3 Composition and Resolution of Levels13

1．4．3级的合成与分解13

1．5声源类型与声辐射的指向特性16

1．5 Type of Sound Source and Directivity of Sound Radiation16

1．5．1 Type of Sound Source and Its Indensity16

1．5．1声源类型及其声强16

1．5．2声辐射的指向特性18

1．5．2 Directivity of Sound Radiation18

1．6．1 The Meaning of Noise Frequency Spectrum22

1．6 The Frequency Spectrum of Noise22

1．5．3 The Sound Indensity Level and Sound Pressure Level under Effect of Directivity of Sound Source22

1．6噪声的频谱22

1．5．3考虑声源指向性时的声强级与声压级22

1．6．1噪声频谱的意义22

1．6．2几种典型的噪声频谱23

1．6．2 Typical Noise Frequency Spectrum23

1．6．3 1/1倍频程和1/3倍频程频谱24

1．6．3 Octave and 1/3 Octave Frequency Spectrum24

1．7．1 Human Auditory Organ26

1．7听觉和噪声的主观评价26

1．7 Auditory Sense and Subjective Evaluation of Noise26

1．7．1人的听觉器官26

1．7．2 Equal Loudness Contours, Weighting Network and A-weighted Sound Level28

1．7．2等响曲线、计权网络与A声级28

Chapter 2 Sound Source and Physical Characteristics of Gun Muzzle Noise31

2．1 Outlines of Gun Muzzle Noise and Definition of Impulse Noise31

2．1．1 Outlines of Gun Muzzle Noise31

2．1．1枪炮噪声概述31

2．1枪炮噪声概述及脉冲噪声的定义31

第二章 枪炮噪声的声源和物理特性31

2．1．2 The Definition of Impulse Noise32

2．1．2关于脉冲噪声的定义32

2．2．1 Muzzle Stream Field34

2．2枪炮噪声的声源34

2．2．1膛口气流流场34

2．2 The Sound Source of Muzzle Noise34

2．2．2膛口噪声的声源37

2．2．2 Sound Source of Muzzle Noise37

2．3 Physical Characteristics of Muzzle Noise40

2．3．1 Sound Power of Muzzle Noise40

2．3．1枪炮噪声的声功率40

2．3枪炮噪声的物理特性40

2．3．2 Peak Sound Pressure Level and Impulse Sound Pressure Level of Muzzle Noise41

2．3．2枪炮噪声的峰值声压级和脉冲声压级41

2．3．3 Characteristics of Muzzle Noise in Time Domain46

2．3．3枪炮噪声的时间特性46

2．3．4 Characteristics of Muzzle Noise Frequency Domain51

2．3．4枪炮噪声的频率特性51

2．3．5枪炮噪声的指向性59

2．3．5 Directivity of Muzzle Noise59

3．1枪炮噪声声功率与膛口参数的关系66

第三章 枪炮噪声的预测和估算66

3．1．1量纲分析66

Chapter 3 Predication and Estimation of Muzzle Noise66

3．1 The Relation between Sound Power and Muzzle Parameters66

3．1．1 Dimension Analysis66

3．1．2 The Relation between Sound Power W,Sound Power Level Lw and Muzzle Parameters Pg,u0,d67

3．1．2声功率W和声功率级Lw与膛口参数P？、？0、d的关系67

3．1．3 Acoustic Efficiency of Muzzle Noise68

3．1．3膛口噪声声效率68

3．2．1 The Relation between Muzzle Noise Directivity Index DI and Azimuth Angle θ70

3．2．1膛口噪声指向性指数DI与方位角θ的关系70

3．2 Predication of Impulse and Peak Sound Pressure Level around the Muzzle70

3．2膛口周围脉冲声压级和峰值声压级的预测70

3．2．2 Muzzle Noise Attenuation Factor n in Free Field71

3．2．2膛口噪声在自由声场中的衰减系数n71

3．2．3 Predication of Sound Pressure Level around the Muzzle72

3．3 Calculation of Gun Muzzle Noise Overpressure Made by American and Russian72

3．3．1 Estimation Method of Gun Muzzle Noise Overpressure Provided by Naval Materials Laboratory （NML）of U.S.A72

3．2．3膛口周围声压级的预测72

3．3美苏关于枪炮噪声超压的计算72

3．3．1美国海军武器研究所枪炮噪声超压估算法72

3．3．2 Calculation Method of Gun Muzzle Noise Overpressure Provided by Orlov（U.S.S.R）73

3．3．2苏联奥尔洛夫火炮噪声超压计算法73

3．4无后坐武器噪声的预测74

3．4．1无后坐武器噪声源的定性描述74

3．4．1 The Qualitative Description of Sound Source of Recoilless Weapons74

3．4 Predication of Recoilless Weapons Noise74

3．4．2无后坐武器噪声的定量计算76

3．4．2 The Quantilative Calculation of Noise of Recoilless Weapons76

3．5 Predication of Far-field Noise Sound Pressure Level of Initial Shock Wave from Light Weapons79

3．5轻武器枪口初始冲击波远场噪声声压级的预测79

3．6 The Calculation of Sound Pressure Level of Projectile Shock Wave Noise and Its Duration81

3．6弹头激波噪声声压级及其持续时间计算81

Chapter 4 The Characteristic and Predication of Explosive Sound82

4．1 The Concept about Explosive Sound82

4．1爆炸声的概念82

第四章 爆炸声的特性与预测82

4．2．1 Proportionality Law84

4．2 The Characteristic and Predication of Explosive Sound84

4．2．1比例定律84

4．2爆炸声的特性与预测84

4．2．2 Overpressure and Peak Pressure Level of Explosive Sound85

4．2．2爆炸声的超压和峰压级85

4．2．3爆炸声的衰减88

4．2．3 Attenuation of Explosive Sound88

4．2．5 Frequency Spectrum of Explosive Sound89

4．2．4爆炸声正脉冲时间的经验公式89

4．2．5爆炸声的频谱89

4．2．4 Empirical Formula for Positif Pulse Duration of Explosive Sound89

4．3 Explosive Source Energy and Its Calculation92

4．3爆炸源能量及其计算92

4．4 Characteristic Data Table of Explosive Wave94

4．4爆炸波特性数据表94

4．4．2点源标准爆炸波特性数据95

4．4．1 TNT圆柱形炸药爆炸时的峰压级和脉宽95

4．4．2 Standard Explosive Wave Characteristic Data of Point Source95

4．4．1 Peak Pressure Level and Pulse Width Induced by Exploded Cylindrical TNT95

4．4．3 Standard Explosive Wave Characteristie Data of Spherical TNT97

4．4．3球形TNT炸药标准爆炸波特性数据97

Chapter 5 The Damage ,Evaluation and Cristias of Gun Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound99

5．1 The Damage by Gun Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound99

5．1．1 Outlines of Damage99

第五章 枪炮噪声与爆炸声的危害、评价和标准99

5．1枪炮噪声与爆炸声的危害99

5．1．1危害概况99

5．1．2 Featares of Auditory Loss Induced by Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound104

5．1．2枪炮噪声与爆炸声对听觉损伤的特点104

5．1．3 Response of Human Ear to Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound112

5．1．3人耳对枪炮噪声与爆炸声的响应特性112

5．2 The Evaluation to Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound114

5．2．1 Basis of Evaluation114

5．2．1评价的依据114

5．2枪炮噪声与爆炸声的评价114

5．2．2 Physical Parameters Used in Evaluation115

5．2．2评价的物理参量115

5．3．1枪炮噪声和爆炸声的噪声标准概况117

5．3枪炮噪声与爆炸声的噪声标准117

5．3．1 Outlines117

5．3 Noise Criterias for Gun Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound117

5．3．2枪炮噪声和爆炸声的噪声标准118

5．3．2 Noise Criterias for Gun Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound118

6．2．1膛口消声器的性能要求和消声量评价127

第六章 枪炮噪声的治理和防护127

6．1引言127

6．2膛口噪声源的消声技术127

6．2．1 Property Requirement and Noise Reduction Evaluation for Muzzle Muffler127

6．2 Sound Deadening Technique for Muzzle Noise Source127

6．1 Introduction127

Chapter 6 Gun Muzzle Noise Control and Protection127

6．2．2 Classification , Principle and Properties of Muzzle Muffler129

6．2．2膛口消声器的分类、原理及性能129

6．2．3 Design and Calculation of Muzzle Muffler and Key Points for Design136

6．2．3膛口消声器的设计计算和设计要点136

6．2．4 High Performance Muzzle Muffler147

6．2．4高效膛口消声器147

6．3 Sound Insulation and Absorption in Propogation Path148

6．3传声途径上的隔声与吸声148

6．3．1 Sound Insulation149

6．3．1隔声149

6．3．2 Sound Absorption155

6．3．2吸声155

6．4 Examples for Target Field Noise Control161

6．4．1 Comprehesive Treatment Dealing with Sound Deadening, Insulation and Harmful Gas Clearing for Indoor Range161

6．4．1室内靶场消声、隔声与有害气体净化综合治理161

6．4靶场噪声治理实例161

6．4．2 Noise Control for Indoor Pistol Range171

6．4．2室内手枪靶场噪声治理171

6．4．3 Noise Blindage for Emplacement in Field Gun Range172

6．4．3野外火炮靶场炮位噪声掩体172

6．5 Personal Protection to Gun Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound174

6．5．1 Kinds and Properties of Ear Protector174

6．5．1护耳器的种类、性能174

6．5枪炮噪声与爆炸声的个体防护174

6．5．2 Action of Ear Protector Proventing from Gun Muzzle Noise and Explosive Sound177

6．5．2护耳器对枪炮噪声和爆炸声的防护作用177

Appendix A Procedure for Pressure Wave Measurement182

附录A 压力波的测试规程182

Appendix B Measurement Method of Weapons Impulse Noise186

附录B 兵器脉冲噪声测量方法186

Appendix C Procedure for Light Weapons Noise Measurement189

附录C 轻武器噪声测试规范189

References199

参考文献199