西方文明史 英文 第5版 精编普及版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

西方文明史 英文 第5版 精编普及版PDF格式电子书版下载

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INTRODUCTION THE IDEA OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION2

CHAPTER 1 THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS4

INTRODUCTION4

BEFORE CIVILIZATION5

The Dominance of Culture5

Social Organization,Agriculture,and Religion6

MESOPOTAMIA6

The Ramparts of Uruk7

Tools：Technology and Writing7

Gods and Mortals in Mesopotamia7

Hammurabi and the Old Babylonian Empire8

THE GIFT OF THE NILE10

Tending the Cattle of God10

Democratization of the Afterlife11

BETWEEN TWO WORLDS11

The Hebrew Alternative12

A King Like All the Nations12

Exile13

NINEVEH AND BABYLON14

The Assyrian Empire14

The New Babylonian Empire14

CONCLUSION14

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW15

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE15

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING15

CHAPTER 2 GREEK PERIOD16

INTRODUCTION16

GREECE IN THE BRONZE AGE TO 700 B.C.E.18

Islands of Peace18

Mainland of War19

The Dark Age19

ARCHAIC GREECE,700-500 B.C.E.20

Ethnos and Polis20

Technology of Writing21

Gods and Mortals21

Myth and Reason21

Art and the Individual22

Democratic Athens23

CLASSICAL AND HELLENISTIC GREECE,500-100 B.C.E.23

ALEXANDER AT ISSUS23

ATHENIAN CULTURE IN THE HELLENIC AGE24

The Examined Life24

Understanding the Past25

Athenian Drama26

Philosophy and the Polis26

The Rise of Macedon27

The Empire of Alexander the Great28

Binding Together an Empire28

THE HELLENISTIC WORLD29

Urban Life and Culture29

Alexandria30

Architecture and Art30

Hellenistic Philosophy30

Mathematics and Science31

CONCLUSION32

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW32

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE32

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING32

CHAPTER 3 THE ROMAN PERIOD34

INTRODUCTION34

THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN TO 509 B.C.E.35

Carthage：The Merchants of Baal35

Italy's First Civilization35

FROM CITY TO EMPIRE,509-146 B.C.E.37

Latin Rome37

Etruscan Rome37

Rome and Italy37

REPUBLICAN CIVILIZATION38

Farmers and Soldiers38

Roman Religion38

Republican Letters38

THE CRISIS OF ROMAN VIRTUE39

IMPERIAL ROME,146 B.C.E.-192 C.E.39

THE ALTAR OF AUGUSTAN PEACE39

THE PRICE OF EMPIRE,146-121 B.C.E.40

Winners and Losers40

THE END OF THE REPUBLIC41

THE AUGUSTAN AGE AND THE PAX ROMANA43

RELIGIONS FROM THE EAST45

The Origins of Christianity46

CONCLUSION48

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW48

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE48

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING48

CHAPTER 4 THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CLASSICAL WORLD,192-50050

INTRODUCTION50

THE CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY51

Enrich the Army and Scorn the Rest52

An Empire on the Defensive53

The Barbarian Menace53

THE EMPIRE RESTORED54

Diocletian,the God-Emperor54

Constantine,the Emperor of God55

The Triumph of Christianity56

IMPERLAL CHRISTIANITY56

Divinity,Humanity,and Salvation57

The Call of the Desert58

Monastic Communities59

The Barbarization of the West60

The New Barbarian Kingdoms61

The Hellenization of the East62

CONCLUSION62

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW63

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE63

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING63

CHAPTER 5 THE CLASSICAL LEGACY IN THE EAST：BYZANTIUM AND ISLAM64

INTRODUCTION64

THE BYZANTINES65

Justinian and the Creation of the Byzantine State65

THE RISE OF ISLAM67

Arabia Before the Prophet67

The Triumph of Islam67

The Spread of Islam68

Authority and Government in Islam68

Islamic Civilization69

THE BYZANTINE APOGEE AND DECLINE,1000-145369

The Disintegration of the Empire70

The Conquests of Constantinople and Baghdad70

CONCLUSION71

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW71

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE72

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING72

CHAPTER 6 THE WEST IN THE MIDDLE AGES74

INTRODUCTION74

THE MAKING OF THE BARBARIAN KINGDOMS,500-75075

Italy：From Ostrogoths to Lombards76

Visigothic Spain：Intolerance and Destruction76

The Anglo-Saxons：From Pagan Conquerors to Christian Missionaries76

The Franks：An Enduring Legacy78

Creating the European Aristocracy78

THE CAROLINGIAN ACHIEVEMENT79

The Carolingian Renaissance80

AFTER THE CAROLINGIANS：FROM EMPIRE TO LORDSHIPS80

Disintegration of the Empire81

THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES81

The Church：Saints and Monks82

Crusaders：Soldiers of God83

The Idea of the Crusade83

Scholasticism and Urban Intellectual Life83

THE INVENTION OF THE STATE86

The Universal States：Empire and Papacy86

The Nation-States：France and England88

THE SPIRIT OF THE LATER MIDDLE AGES90

The Crisis of the Papacy91

Discerning the Spirit of God92

Heresy and Revolt93

Religious Persecution in Spain93

Vernacular Literature and the Individual94

CONCLUSION95

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW96

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE96

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING96

CHAPTER 7 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE98

INTRODUCTION98

RENAISSANCE SOCIETY99

Cities and Countryside100

Production and Consumption100

RENAISSANCE ART101

An Architect,a Sculptor,and a Painter102

Renaissance Style102

Michelangelo103

RENAISSANCE IDEALS104

Humanists and the Liberal Arts105

Renaissance Science106

Machiavelli and Politics106

THE POLITICS OF THE ITALIAN CITY-STATES107

Venice：A Seaborne Empire107

Florence：Spinning Cloth into Gold108

The End of Italian Hegemony,1450-1527110

CONCLUSION111

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW111

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE111

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING111

CHAPTER 8 THE REFORM OF RELIGION112

INTRODUCTION112

THE INTELLECTUAL REFORMATION114

The Print Revolution114

Christian Humanism115

The Humanist Movement115

The Wit of Erasmus116

THE LUTHERAN REFORMATION117

The Spark of Reform117

The Sale of Indulgences117

Martin Luther Challenges the Church118

Martin Luther's Faith118

From Luther to Lutheranism119

The Spread of Lutheranism121

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION121

Geneva and Calvin122

The English Reformation123

The Reformation of the Radicals125

THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION126

The Spiritual Revival126

Loyola's Pilgrimage127

The Counter-Reformation128

The Empire Reacts129

CONCLUSION130

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW130

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE130

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING131

CHAPTER 9 THE PERIOD OF MODERN EUROPE132

INTRODUCTION132

ECONOMIC LIFE133

Rural Life133

Town Life135

Economic Change136

SOCIAL LIFE137

Social Constructs137

Social Structure138

Social Change139

THE ROYAL STATE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY141

THE RISE OF THE ROYAL STATE141

Divine Kings142

THE CRISES OF THE ROYAL STATE144

The English Civil War144

The English Revolutions146

THE ZENITH OF THE ROYAL STATE147

The Nature of Absolute Monarchy148

SCIENCE AND COMMERCE IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE149

The New Science149

Heavenly Revolutions149

Science Enthroned152

The Marketplace of the World153

The Colonial Wars154

CONCLUSION154

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW155

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE155

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING155

CHAPTER 10 THE ENLIGHTENMENT,FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEONIC ERA156

INTRODUCTION156

THE ENLIGHTENMENT157

The Spirit of the Enlightenment157

The Impact of the Enlightenment160

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY SOCIETY161

The Bourgeoisie161

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND THE FALL OF THE MONARCHY163

Declaring Political Rights163

The Trials of Constitutional Monarchy164

EXPERIMENTING WITH DEMOCRACY,1792-1799165

The Revolution of the People165

The End of the Revolution165

THE REIGN OF NAPOLEON,1799-1815166

Bonaparte Seizes Power166

Decline and Fall167

CONCLUSION168

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW169

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE169

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING169

CHAPTER 11 EUROPE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY170

INTRODUCTION170

THE TRADITIONAL ECONOMY171

The Agricultural Revolution171

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN172

Britain First173

Cotton Is King174

The Wages of Progress174

THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE CONTINENT176

THE BIRTH OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE177

BUILDING NATIONS：THE POLITICS OF UNIFICATION177

The Crimean War177

The United States：Civil War and Reunification179

Nationalism and Force179

REFORMING EUROPEAN SOCIETY179

The Second Empire in France,1852-1870179

The Victorian Compromise180

CHANGING VALUES AND THE FORCE OF NEW IDEAS180

Realism in the Arts180

Charles Darwin and the New Science181

Karl Marx and the Science of Society182

CONCLUSION182

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW183

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE183

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING183

CHAPTER 12 EUROPEAND THE WORLD,1870-1914184

INTRODUCTION184

EUROPEAN ECONOMY AND THE POLITICS OF MASS SOCIETY185

Regulating Boom and Bust185

Challenging Liberal England186

OUTSIDERS IN MASS POLITICS187

The Jewish Question and Zionism188

THE WEST AND THE WIDER WORLD188

African Art and European Artists188

Art and the New Age189

THE POLITICS OF MAPMAKING190

THE EUROPEAN BALANCE OF POWER,1870-1914191

Upsetting the European Balance of Power191

THE NEW IMPERIALISM193

Motives for Empire193

THE SEARCH FOR TERRITORY AND MARKETS195

The Scramble for Africa：Diplomacy and Conflict195

Imperialism in Asia198

The Imperialism of the United States200

RESULTS OF AEUROPEAN-DOMINATED WORLD200

A World Economy200

Race and Culture201

CONCLUSION201

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW202

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE202

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING202

CHAPTER 13 WARAND REVOLUTION,1914-1920204

INTRODUCTION204

THE WAR EUROPE EXPECTED205

Separating Friends from Foes206

A NEW KIND OF WARFARE206

Technology and the Trenches207

The German Offensive207

War on the Eastern Front208

War on the Western Front209

War on the Periphery210

ADJUSTING TO THE UNEXPECTED：TOTAL WAR210

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND ALLIED VICTORY210

Revolution in Russia211

SETTLING THE PEACE213

Wilson's Fourteen Points214

Treaties and Territories214

CONCLUSION216

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW216

DI SCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE216

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING217

CHAPTER 14 THE SECOND WORLD WAR218

INTRODUCTION218

EURROPE AFTER 1918219

CRISIS AND COLLAPSE IN A WORLD ECONOMY220

International Loans and Trade Barriers220

The Great Depression221

Stalin's Rise to Power222

THE RISE OF FASCIST DICTATORSHIP IN ITALY222

Mussolini's Italy222

Mussolini's Plans for Empire223

HITLER AND THE THIRD REICH223

Hitler's Rise to Power224

Propaganda,Racism,and Culture226

DEMOCRACIES IN CRISIS226

AGGRESSION AND CONQUEST226

Hitler's Foreign Policy and Appeasement227

The Destruction of Europe's Jews229

ALLIED VICTORY230

The Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War230

The United States Enters the War231

Winning the War in Europe231

Winning the War in the Pacific232

CONCLUSION233

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW233

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE233

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING233

CHAPTER 15 THE COLD WAR AND POST-COLD WARPERIOD,1945 TO THE PRESENT234

INTRODUCTION234

THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR235

The World in Two Blocs236

Decolonization and the Cold War237

THE WELFARE STATE AND SOCIAL TRANSFOR-MATION238

THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW EUROPE238

THE WEST IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY239

European Union and the American Superpower239

Terrorism：The“New Kind of War”241

CONCLUSION244

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW245

DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE246

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING246

GLOSSARY247