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Part One　The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandChapter One　Geography1

Section 1　Position,Name and Areas1

Section 2　Major Cities2

Section 3　Climate and Environment2

Questions for Discussion3

Chapter Two　People3

Section 1　The People of Britain Today3

Section 2　A Mixed Race Society4

Section 3　Class Structure4

Section 4　Religions5

Section 5　Character and Manner7

Section 6　Social Norms and Etiquettes7

Questions for Discussion10

Chapter Three　Family10

Section 1　Changing Values and Norms of the British Family10

Section 2　Family Patterns11

Section 3　Family Size11

Section 4　 Adoptions12

Section 5　 Marriage12

Section 6　Divorce13

Seetion 7 Older People13

Questions for Discussion14

Chapter Four　Political System14

Section 1 The Constitutional Monarch14

Section 2　Parliament15

Section 3 Government16

Section 4　Political Parties18

Section 5　Election21

Questions for Discussion21

Chapter Five National Economy21

Section 1　General Survey21

Section 2　Industry22

Section 3　Agriculture24

Section 4　Foreign Trade25

Section 5　Government Expenditure and Taxation27

Section 6　The Consumer28

Section 7　Welfare28

Questions for Discussion31

Chapter Six　Education31

Section 1 Educational System31

Section 2　Different Types of Schools in England33

Section 3　Higher Education35

Section 4　Famous Universities37

Section 5 Other Types of Education39

Questions for Discussion40

Chapter Seven　Science and Culture40

Section 1　Achievements in Science and Technology40

Section 2　Research and Development in Industry41

Section 3　Outstanding Culture43

Section 4　Principal Arts Organizations44

Section 5　Arts for Everybody44

Section 6　Museums46

Questions for Discussion47

Chapter Eight　British Literature47

Section 1　The Early Writings47

Section 2　Elizabethan Drama49

Section 3　The Nineteenth Century Novel49

Section 4　The Twentieth Century Literature51

Questions for Discussion53

Chapter Nine　History54

Section 1　The Founding of the Nation54

Section 2　Transition to the Modern Age57

Section 3　The Rise and Fall of the British of Empire60

Questions for Discussion62

Chapter Ten　Britain and the World62

Section 1　The Three-Circles62

Section 2　Britain and America63

Section 3　Britain and Europe64

Section 4　Britain and China65

Questions for Discussion66

Chapter Eleven　Media and Sports67

Section 1　Newspapers67

Section 2　Television,Broadcast and Radio67

Section 3 Sports and Games69

Questions for Discussion72

Chapter Twelve　Festivals and Leisure72

Section 1　Traditional Festivals72

Section 2　Leisure Activities73

Section 3　Public Houses(Pubs)in Britain76

Questions for Discussion78

Part Two United States of America79

Chapter One　Geography79

Section 1　Location and Size79

Section 2　Physiographic Regions79

Section 3　Rivers and Lakes82

Section 4　Climate and Weather83

Section 5　Major Cities in the USA83

Questions for Discussion85

Chapter Two　History85

Section 1　Discovering a New World85

Section 2　The Founding of the 13 Colonies86

Section 3　The War of Independence86

Section 4　The Civil War88

Section 5　Establishing a New Government89

Questions for Discussion92

Chapter Three　Political System92

Section 1　General Principles92

Section 2　The Three Branches93

Section 3　Two Parties System97

Section 4　Relations with China100

Questions for Discussion103

Chapter Four　People103

Section 1 A Nation of Immigrants103

Section 2　American Way of Life106

Section 3　Character and Manners119

Questions for Discussion122

Chapter Five　Religions123

Section 1　Religion and the USA Government123

Section 2　Protestants124

Section 3　Catholics125

Section 4　Jewish125

Section 5　Other Religions in the USA126

Section 6　American Character of Religion126

Questions for Discussion127

Chapter Six　American Literature127

Section 1　The Age of Romanticism127

Section 2　The Age of Realism129

Section 3　Modern American Literature130

Questions for Discussion133

Chapter Seven　Education133

Section 1　Features of American Education133

Section 2　Secondary Education134

Section 3　Higher Education135

Section 4　Financial Problems137

Section 5　Standardized Tests and Their Uses137

Section 6　Vocational and Technical Education138

Section 7　Education and Employment in the USA138

Questions for Discussion139

Chapter Eight　National Economy140

Section 1　General Survey140

Section 2　How American Economy Works141

Section 3　Manufacturing Industries142

Section 4　Agriculture143

Section 5　Money System144

Section 6　Foreign Trade145

Section 7　New Economy145

Section 8　Subprime Crisis147

Questions for Discussion149

Chapter Nine Work and Welfare149

Section 1　Overview of American Labor Market149

Section 2　Major Social Welfare Programs150

Section 3　Welfare Reform153

Questions for Discussion154

Chapter Ten　Mess Media and Entertainment154

Section 1　The Press154

Section 2　Television155

Section 3　Radios155

Section 4　Movies155

Section 5　Music156

Questions for Discussion160

Chapter Eleven　Leisure Activities160

Section 1　Traveling in America160

Section 2　Sports166

Questions for Discussion169

Chapter Twelve　Holidays170

Section 1 Martin Luther King Day(Third Monday in January)170

Section 2　Valentine's Day(February 14)171

Section 3 Mother's Day and Father's Day172

Section 4　Memorial Day(Last Monday in May)173

Section 5　Independence Day(July 4)174

Section 6　Halloween(October 31)174

Section 7　Thanksgiving Day(Fourth Thursday in November)175

Section 8　Merry Christmas(December 25)176

Questions for Discussion177

Chapter Thirteen　Domestic Problems178

Section 1　Racial Discrimination178

Section 2　The GaP Between the Poor and the Rich180

Section 3　Health and Health Care182

Section 4　Drug Abuse183

Section 5　Violent Crime and Juvenile Delinquency184

Section 6　Traffic Accidents186

Section 7　Teen Pregnancy and Abortion186

Questions for Discussion187

Part Three Canada,Australia and New Zealand188

Canada188

Chapter One　An Overview188

Section 1 Location and Size188

Section 2　Regions189

Section 3　People197

Section 4　Languages199

Questions for Discussion200

Chapter Two　History of Canada200

Section 1　British and French Settlement201

Section 2　Canada and the Two World Wars202

Section 3　Canada since the 1960s and at the Turn of the Millennia204

Questions for Discussion205

Chapter Three　Central Canada205

Section 1　General Survey205

Section 2　Ontario206

Section 3　Quebec207

Questions for Discussion209

Chapter Four　Political System210

Section 1　Canadian Government210

Section 2 Foreign Influences212

Section 3　Major Political Parties213

Questions for Discussion215

Chapter Five　Education and Literature215

Section 1　Education215

Section 2　Literature218

Questions for Discussion224

Chapter Six　Economy224

Section 1　General Survey224

Section 2 Effects of the Two World Wars and the Great Depression226

Section 3　Canadian Economy after World War Ⅱ228

Section 4　Canadian Economy in the Last Two Decades229

Section 5　Quebec Nationalism230

Questions for Discussion230

Chapter Seven　International Relations231

Section 1　From Junior Partner to Middle Power231

Section 2　The Military Contributions and Commitments of Canada232

Section 3 Canadian-American Relations234

Section 4 Sino-Canadian Relations236

Section 5　Overseas Development Programs of Canada237

Questions for Discussion238

Australia239

Chapter One　An Overview239

Section 1　Size and Location239

Section 2 Climate240

Section 3　Population and Major Cities241

Section 4　A Multicultural Society243

Questions for Discussion245

Chapter Two　History of Australia245

Seetion 1 Early Colonial Period245

Section 2　The Rising of a Nation247

Section 3 Australia in the Two World Wars and the Great Depression249

Section 4 Australia after World War Ⅱ251

Questions for Discussion253

Chapter Three　Political System253

Section 1　Australian Government253

Section 2　Political Parties255

Questions for Discussion256

Chapter Four　Economy and Education256

Section 1　Economy256

Section 2 Education258

Questions for Discussion259

Chapter Five　Foreign Relations259

Section 1　Relations with UK and US259

Section 2　Relations with UN and Asia-Pacific Region260

Section 3　Australia and China262

Section 4　Australia and Other Major Countries264

Questions for Discussion265

New Zealand266

Chapter One　An Overview266

Section 1　Land and Climate266

Section 2　Nature267

Section 3　People and Society269

Section 4　Culture and Arts270

Questions for Discussion271

Chapter Two　History of New Zealand272

Section 1　Early Settlement272

Section 2　British Colonization272

Section 3　Post-war New Zealand274

Questions for Discussion274

Chapter Three　Political System274

Section 1　Government of New Zealand274

Section 2　Major Political Parties276

Questions for Discussion277

Chapter Four　Economy and Education277

Section 1　Economy277

Section 2　Education278

Questions for Discussion279

Chapter Five　Foreign Relations279

Section 1　New Zealand and the United Nations279

Section 2　New Zealand in the Asia-Pacific Region280

Section 3　New Zealand and China281

Section 4 New Zealand and EU282

Section 5　New Zealand and the United States283

Questions for Discussion284

References285