Surgery of The Alimentary Tract Volume One2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Chapter 1 THE ESOPHAGUS1

ANATOMY1

PHYSIOLOGY10

ANESTHESIA FOR OPERATIONS ON THE ESOPHAGUS11

INCISIONS11

SPECIAL PRINCIPLES OF ESOPHAGEAL SURGERY13

ESOPHAGOSCOPY14

ESOPHAGOTOMY19

ESOPHAGOSTOMY22

PERFORATIONS OF THE ESOPHAGUS22

Suture of Perforation26

Cervical Mediastinotomy26

Posteroinferior Mediastinotomy28

BENIGN STRICTURES OF THE ESOPHAGUS30

Congenital Strictures of the Esophagus30

Acquired Benign Stenosis of the Esophagus32

Corrosive Strictures of the Esophagus32

Postsurgical Strictures of the Esophagus37

Inflammatory Strictures of the Esophagus37

Operative Treatment39

Esophagoplasty (Heineke-Mikulicz)39

Partial Esophagectomy with End-to-End Esophago-esophagostomy39

Partial Gastrectomy for Esophagitis with Stricture41

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS42

Intrathoracic Replacement of the Esophagus42

Extrathoracic Esophagoplasty42

Roux＇s Method (Esophagojejunogastrostomy)44

Herzen＇s Method47

Wullstein＇s Method50

Birger＇s Method52

Esser＇s Method53

Lexer＇s Method54

Ochsner-Owens Modification of Lexer＇s Method58

Other Methods62

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE ESOPHAGUS62

Local Excision of Benign Tumors64

ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA65

Bougienage68

Operative Treatment70

Side-to-Side Esophagogastric Anastomosis (Heyrovski)70

Side-to-Side Esophagogastrostomy (Grondahl)73

Cardioplasty (Wendel)74

Cardioplasty (Girard)75

Esophagocardiomyotomy (Heller)76

Partial Esophagectomy with Esophagogastrostomy (Rumpel,Wangensteen)79

Other Procedures for the Treatment of Achalasia80

TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL AND BRONCHOESOPHAGEAL FISTULAS80

Congenital Esophageal Atresia with or without Tracheoesophageal or Bronchoesophageal Fistula81

Extrapleural Operation (One Stage)83

One-Stage Intrapleural Operation88

Two-Stage Intrapleural Operation90

Acquired Esophagorespiratory Fistula93

Repair of Acquired Esophagorespiratory Fistula94

ESOPHAGOPLEURAL FISTULA97

Repair of Esophagopleural Fistula98

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES99

Tamponade102

Injection Treatment105

Ligation of the Hepatic,Splenic and Left Gastric Arteries (Rienhoff)106

Splenic Artery Ligation (Blain)109

Gauze Packing of Mediastinum (Garlock)111

Transesophageal Ligation of Bleeding Varices (Crile)114

Other Operations for Esophageal Varices116

ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULA117

Pharyngoesophageal Diverticula117

Two-Stage Diverticulectomy (Lahey)121

One-Stage Diverticulectomy126

Supradiaphragmatic Diverticula130

Supradiaphragmatic Diverticulectomy131

Supradiaphragmatic Diverticular Suspension131

Midesophageal Diverticula132

MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE ESOPHAGUS133

Souttar＇s Intubation135

Esophagectomy137

Partial Esophagectomy with End-to-End Esophago-esophagostomy137

Cervical Esophagectomy with Skin Flap Closure in Two Stages (Wookey)138

Cervical Esophagectomy and laryngectomy with Skin Flap Closure in Two Stages (Wookey)143

Cervical Esophagectomy with Replacement by Tubed Pedicled Grafts (Bricker)144

One-Stage Partial Esophagectomy with Replacement by a Plastic Tube (Berman)149

Partial Esophagectomy with Low Esophagogastrostomy (Sweet)154

partial Esophagectomy with High Intrathoracic Esophagogastrostomy (Sweet)163

Partial Esophagectomy with Cervical Esophagogastrostomy (Sweet)166

Partial Esophagectomy with Cervical Esophagojejunostomy in One Stage (Sweet)170

One-Stage Total Esophagectomy with Esophagogastrostomy (Shefts and Fischer)171

Two-Stage Intrathoracic Esophagojejunostomy (Rienhoff)174

Artificial Esophagus Formed by a Free Segment of Intestine Covered by Skin (Longmire and Ravitch)181

Intrathoracic Replacement of Esophagus with Transverse and Descending Colon185

Repair of Tracheobronchial Defects Produced during Esophagectomy185

Repair of Small Defects by Patching186

Repair of Larger Tracheobronchial Defects186

Repair with Tantalum Mesh Covered by Cutis Graft (Handelsman-Kieffer-Edgerton)187

Repair by Dermal Skin Grafts Laced with Wire (Gebauer)188

Repair with Wire Coil Covered by Fascia (Belsey)190

Repair with Viable Pedicle Graft (Penton and Brantigan)191

TRACHEOTOMY192

REFERENCES197

Chapter 2 THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM201

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH201

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE DUODENUM207

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE STOMACH210

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DUODENUM212

GASTRIC,GASTRODUODENAL AND LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL INTUBATION212

Peroral Gastric Intubation212

Nasal Gastric,Gastroduodenal and Lower Gastrointestinal Intubation214

Levin Tube214

Bilumen Gastrojejunostomy Tube216

Bilumen Gastroduodenal Tube216

Miller-Abbott Tube217

Harris and Cantor Single-Lumen Mercury-Weighted Tubes219

Comment on Use of Indwelling Gastrointestinal Tubes220

PERORAL GASTROSCOPY221

Peroral Gastroscopy with flexible Gastroscope222

Peroral Gastroscopy with Rigid-Tube Gastroscope (Jackson)224

ANTERIOR GASTROSCOPY AND DUODENOSCOPY THROUGH A GASTROTOMY OR GASTROSTOMY STOMA227

ACUTE DILATATION OF THE STOMACH227

GASTROLYSIS AND DUODENOLYSIS (FREEING OF ADHESIONS)228

VOLVULUS OF THE STOMACH229

GASTROPEXY231

GASTRIC PLICATION234

GASTROINTESTINAL SUTURING235

Interrupted Lembert Suture238

Continuous Lembert Suture240

Halsted Interrupted Quilt (Mattress) Suture240

Purse-String Suture240

Cushing Suture242

Connell Suture242

Parker-Kerr Stitch242

Through-and-Through U-Stitch243

Marshall U-Stitch245

Furrier Suture248

Simple Overhand continuous or Interrupted Suture (Albert)248

Lock-Stitch (Glover Stitch)248

Czerny Interrupted Sutures249

Enterorrhaphy by a combination of a Continuous Through-and-Through Marginal (Albert) Suture and Interrupted,Gould Inverted Mattress Suture250

Three-Layer Suture Line251

Suture Instrument of de Petz251

Murphy Button253

INCISIONS FOR EXPOSURE OF STOMACH AND DUODENUM254

GASTROTOMY256

GASTRORRHAPHY258

INCISED AND GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE STOMACH261

GASTROSTOMY264

Witzel Gastrostomy265

Intramural Gastrostomy (Submucosal Canal) (Marwedel-Soresi- Partipilo Method)267

Superimposed Pruse-String Gastrostomy (Stamm-Senn Method)269

Brunschwig＇s Gastrostomy270

Kader (Double Linear Plication) Gastrostomy270

Ssabanajew-Franck (Stomach Cone Transfer) Gastrostomy272

Kocher＇s Modification of the Ssabanajew-Franck Operation275

Albert＇s Modification of the Ssabanajew-Franck Operation275

Hahn＇s Modification of the Ssabanajew-Franck Operation275

Glassman＇s Gastrostomy276

Janeway-Depage (Tubular) Gastrostomy277

Spivack Valvular Modification of Janeway-Depage Tubular Gastrostomy280

Comment on Janeway-Type Gastrostomies280

Beck-Jianu (Long Gastric Tube) Gastrostomy281

Retrograde Bougienage of the Esophagus through a Gastrostomy Opening284

Comment on Gastrostomies in General285

OPERATIONS FOR STENOSIS OF THE CARDIA285

Retrograde Stretching of the Cardiac Orifice from within the Stomach286

Other Procedures286

SIMPLE EXCISION OF A PEPTIC ULCER286

Excision of Ulcer on Anterior Wall of Stomach286

Excision of Ulcer on Posterior Wall of Stomach286

Retrogastric Excision286

Transgastric Excision287

Cautery Excision of Gastric Ulcer (Balfour)288

Wedge-Shaped Excision of Ulcer on Lesser Curvature of Stomach with or without Accompanying Gastrojejunostomy289

Simple Excision of Small Ulcer on Anterior Wall of the First Portion of Duodenum291

LOCAL EXCISION OF BENIGN GASTRIC TUMOR (INCLUDING POLYPS)291

DIVERTICULUM OF THE SHTOMACH291

Excision of Gastric Diverticulum293

DEVERTICULUM OF THE DUODENUM293

Excision of Duodenal Diverticulum294

DUODENOJEJUNOSTOMY297

OPERATIONS UPON THE PYLORUS FOR ENLARGING ITS ORIFICE301

Pylorotomy301

Pyloric Hypertrophy in Adults301

Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis302

Fredet-Ramstedt Pylorotomy302

Pylorodiosis307

Pyloroplasty307

Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty307

Horsey Modification of Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty309

Finney U-Shaped Pyloroplasty (Gastroduodenostomy)309

Balfour＇s Excision Pyloroplasty314

Pyloroplasty with Excision of Ulcer (Judd)316

Comment on Pyloroplasty in General316

GASTRCENTEROSTOMY317

Gastroduodenostomy (Jaboulay,1892)317

Gastroduodenostomy (Rienhoff)319

Gastrojejunostomy323

Precolic (Antecolic) Anterior Gastrojejunostomy (Woelfler,1881)325

Precolic Posterior Gastrojejunostomy332

Retrocolic Posterior Gastrojejunostomy (Von Hacker,1885)332

Retrocolic Anterior Gastrojejunostomy340

Roux-en-Y Gastrojejunostomy341

Comments on Gastrojejunostomy in General343

METHODS OF CLOSURE OF DUODENAL STUMP IN GASTRECTOMY OR EXCLUSION OPERATIONS344

Inversion by Parker-Kerr Suturing345

Rienhoff Method346

Closure with Tamponade346

Closure by Multiple Purse-String Sutures348

Closure with Ligature and Suture350

Temporary Duodenostomy350

GASTRIC AND DUODENAL (PEPTIC) ULCER351

Complications of Peptic Ulcer358

Perforation358

Obstruction359

Bilocular Stomach or Hour-Glass Contraction of Stomach360

Hemorrhage360

Treatment of Peptic Ulcer363

TUMORS OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM365

Benign Tumors365

Benign Gastric Tumors365

Benign Tumors of the Duodenum367

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Benign Tumors of Stomach and Duodenum367

Treatment of Benign Tumors of Stomach and Duodenum367

Malignant Tumors368

Malignant Tumors of the Stomach368

Malignant Tumors of the Duodenum369

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors of Stomach and Duodenum370

Treatment of Malignant Tumors of Stomach and Duodenum371

GASTRECTOMY371

Partial Gastrectomy375

Partial Gastrectomy with End-to-End Gastroduodenostomy (Billroth Ⅰ Operation)389

Von Haberer Modification of the Billroth Ⅰ Operation400

Horsley Modification of the Billroth Ⅰ Operation404

Kocher Modification of the Billroth ⅠOperation404

Von Haberer-Finney Modification of the BillrothⅠOperation404

Tubular of Staircase Modification of Billroth Ⅰ Partial Gastrectomy with a Variety of Methods of Performing the Accompanying Gastroduodenostomy406

Comment on Billroth Ⅰ Procedure409

Partial Gastrectomy of the Median Portion of the Stomach (Sleeve Resection)409

Segmental Partial Gastrectomy for Peptic Ulcer (Wangensteen)410

Transthoracic Resection of Esophagus and Cardiac End of Stomach413

Comments on Billroth Ⅱ partial Gastrectomy416

Polya Modification of Billroth Ⅱ Operation417

Polya-Balfour Modification of Billroth Ⅱ Operation433

Hofmeister Modification of Billroth Ⅱ Operation433

Original Billroth Ⅱ Partial Gastrectomy440

Devine Exclusion Two-Stage Partial Gastrectomy443

Finsterer Partial Gastrectomy with Antral Exclusion of Peptic Ulcer447

Roux-en-Y Modification of Billroth Ⅱ Operation450

Results of Partial Gastrectomy452

Total Gastrectomy454

Longmire Method456

Lahey Method462

Orr Method469

Graham Method471

Roux-en-Y Total Gastrectomy472

Total Gastrectomy with Esophagoduodenostomy481

Total Gastrectomy with Formation of Substitute Gastric Reservoir482

Results of Total Gastrectomy486

Comments on Partial and Total Gastrectomies486

OPERATIONS FOR PYLORODUODENAL OCCLUSION AND EXCLUSION AND FOR ANTRAL EXCLUSION489

Pyloroduodenal Occlusion by Ligation of the Pylorus,Accompanied by Gastrojejunostomy490

Prepyloric Occlusion by Transverse Plication490

Pyloroduodenal Exclusion by Disconnection (Bier)490

Prepyloric Exclusion by Disconnection (Von Eiselberg)490

Devine Operation for Prepyloric Exclusion490

OPERATIONS FOR HOUR-GLASS OR SADDLE-BAG DEFORMITY OF THE STOMACH494

Lateral Gastrogastrostomy for Hour-Glass Stomach494

Kammerer-Finney Gastroplasty for Hour-Glass Stomach494

Heineke-Mikulicz Gastroplasty for Hour-Glass Stomach494

Wedge-Shaped Excision for Hour-Glass Stomach494

Sleeve Resection for Hour-Glass Stomach496

Operation for Hour-Glass Stomach by Anterior or Posterior Gastrojejunostomy with the Proximal Pouch497

COMPLICATIONS AFTER GASTROINTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS498

Hematemesis498

Postoperative Gastric Retention500

Jejunoplasty502

Leakage form Duodenal Stump508

Rupture of Abdominal Incision509

Venous Thrombosis509

Marginal Jejunal Ulcer510

Disconnection of Gastrojejunostomy511

Repair of Gastroileostomy514

Gastrojejunocolic Fistula515

Pfeiffer Method of Closing Gastrojejunocolic Fistula516

Findlay Method of Closing Gastrojejunocolic Fistula520

Marshall Method of closing Gastrojejunocolic Fistula523

Gastric Fistula525

External Gastric Fistula525

Internal Gastric Fistula526

Duodenal Fistula527

Internal Duodenal Fistula527

External Duodenal Fistula529

Other Complications532

OPERATIONS FOR ACUTE COMPLICATIONS OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS533

Hemorrhage from Ulcers of the Stomach and Duodenum533

Perforated Peptic Ulcer541

Closure of Acutely Perforated Peptic Ulcer545

Nonoperative Treatment of Perforated Peptic Ulcer548

VAGOTOMY549

Abdominal (Subdiaphragmatic) Vagotomy553

Transthoracic (Supradiaphragmatic) Vagotomy556

Postoperative Complications of Vagotomy559

Comments on Vagotomy560

REFERENCES561

Chapter 3 THE LIVER565

ANATOMY565

PHYSIOLOGY570

LIVER FUNCTION TESTS575

GENERAL SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS584

ANESTHESIA587

INCISIONS587

Incisions Used for Transperitoneal Exposure of Anterosuperior Surface of Liver587

Transperitoneal Exposure of Dome and Anterior Aspect of Right Lobe588

Transperitoneal Exposure of Lower Lateral Border of Right Lobe588

Extraperitoneal-Extrapleural Exposure of Extraperitoneal Surface of the Liver588

Intercostal Subpleural Exposure of Superior Surface589

Rib Resection for Extrapleural Exposure of Superior Surface589

Transpleural Approach to the Superior Surface Following Partial Resection of Ribs589

EXPLORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC OPERATIONS UPON THE LIVER589

Exploratory Puncture without Incision of the Chest or Abdominal Wall589

Needle Biopsy591

Peritoneoscopy593

WOUNDS OF THE LIVER603

PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY FOR REMOVAL OF TUMOR OF THE LIVER607

V-Shaped Excision of Small Tumor of Edge of Liver608

V-Shaped Excision of Large Tumor of Anterior Margin608

Left Lobectomy of the Liver609

INTRAHEPATIC ABSCESS612

Pyogenic Intrahepatic Abscess612

Amebic Intrahepatic Abscess616

Aspiration of Intrahepatic Abscess620

Closed Tube Drainage of Amebic Abscess of the Liver622

Hepatotomy for Intrahepatic Abscess623

One-Stage Transperitoneal Hepatotomy for Intrahepatic Abscess624

Two-Stage Transperitoneal Hepatotomy for Intrahepatic Abscess626

Transthoracic Hepatotomy626

SUBPHRENIC (SUBDIAPHRAGMATIC) ABSCESS632

Anterior Extraserous Drainage of Subphrenic or Intrahepatic Abscess (Clairmont)638

Posterior Extraserous Drainage of Subphrenic or Intrahepatic Abscess (Nather and Ochsner)639

Comment642

HYDATID DISEASE642

Hydatid Cysts of the Liver651

Surgical Treatment of Uncomplicated Cysts651

Treatment of Complicated Cysts655

Postoperative Complications659

Results of Surgical Treatment660

Hydatid Cysts of the Peritoneum and Pelvis660

Hydatid Cysts in Other Locations662

NONPARASITIC CYSTS OF THE LIVER663

CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER664

Abdominal Paracentesis for Evacuation of Ascitic Fluid670

Crosby-Cooney-Lord (＂Button＂) Operation for Intractable Ascites672

Establishment of New Intraperitoneal Venous Channels in Cirrhosis of the Liver (Talma-Drummond-Morison Operation)674

Extraperitoneal Omentopexy in Cirrhosis of the Liver675

Portacaval Anastomoses676

Splenorenal Anastomosis679

Anastomosis of Portal Vein to Vena Cava683

Comments on Portacaval Anastomoses687

Splenic Artery Ligation688

TREATMENT OF WOUNDS OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY AND PORTAL VEIN INCURRED DURING OPERATION689

REFERENCES690

Chapter 4 THE GALLBLADDER AND EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DUCTS693

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE GALLBLADDER693

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DUCTS696

PHYSIOLOGY700

ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS702

Anomalies of the Gallbladder703

Anomalies and Abnormalities of the Common bile Duct708

Cystenterostomy712

Congenital Atresia of the Bile Ducts713

Operation for Atresia of the Bile Ducts715

OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE DUE TO INSPISSATED BILE OR MUCUS IN THE BILIARY PASSAGES OF INFANTS719

Operation for Relief of Biliary Obstruction Due to Inspissated Bile or Mucus719

CHOLECYSTITIS AND CHOLELITHIASIS720

Acute Cholecystitis721

Chronic Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis727

Cholelithiasis730

Results of Surgical Treatment of Acute and Chronic Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis733

CHOLESTEROSIS OF THE GALLBLADDER733

RECOGNITION OF CHRONIC CHOLECYSTIC DISEASE AT OPERATION734

CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS735

TUMORS OF THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY TRACT738

Benign Tumors of the Gallbladder738

Primary Carcinoma of the Gallbladder739

Primary Sarcoma of the Gallbladder743

Benign Tumors of the Bile Ducts743

Primary Malignant Tumors of the Extrahepatic bile Ducts744

GENERAL SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF OPERATIONS ON THE BILIARY TRACT746

OPERATIONS UPON THE GALLBLADDER752

Cholecystectomy752

Total Cholecystectomy756

Cholecystectomy with Drainage of the Common Duct762

Partial Cholecystectomy with Chemical Destruction of the remaining Mucosa762

Partial Cholecystectomy with Electrocoagulation of the Remaining Mucosa (Thorek)765

Postoperative Care of Cholecystectomy Subjects767

Cholecystostomy768

Operations for Internal Drainage of the Gallbladder (Cholecystoduodenostomy,Cholecystogastrostomy,and Cholecystojejunostomy)772

Cholecystoduodenostomy773

Cholecystogastrostomy or Cholecystojejunostomy775

Operations for Wounds of the Gallbladder775

SECONDARY OPERATIONS FOR RECURRING BILIARY TRACT DISEASE775

OPERATIONS UPON THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS779

Supraduodenal Choledochostomy an Choledocholithotomy (Exploration of the Common Duct)780

Transduodenal Ampullary Choledochoduodenostomy794

Transduodenal Approach for Intraduodenal (Interstitial) Choledochotomy for Calculus798

Retroduodenal Choledochotomy for Calculus Followed by Choled0chorrhaphy799

Transduodenal Excision of the Duodenal Ampulla (of Vater)801

Choledochoduodenostomy,Choledochogastrostomy and Choledochojejunostomy for Irremediable Obstruction in the Distal Portion of the Common Duct802

Excision of the Gallbladder,Cystic Duct and the Junction of the Main Hepatic and Common Ducts for Tumor,Followed by Hepaticocholedochostomy over a T-Tube806

Repair of Wounds of the Biliary Ducts808

Repair of Wounds Due to Surgery808

Repair of Wounds Due to Trauma810

Repair of Benign Stricture of the Bile Duct811

Incision and Repair of Stricture by Heineke-Mikulicz Method817

Repair by Simple End-to-End Anastomosis818

Repair by Dissecting out Retroduodenal Portion of Common Duct Followed by End-to-End Anastomosis820

Repair by End-to-End Anastomosis of the Duct over Temporary Indwelling Tube Other than a T-Tube824

Repair by End-to-End Anastomosis of Ducts without the Use of Either a Temporary or Permanently Indwelling Tube827

Repair by End-to-End Anastomosis of the Ducts over a Permanent Indwelling Tube828

Comment on Repair by End-to-End Anastomosis of the Ducts829

Repair by Dilation and Tube Implantation of the Duct830

Bridging Defects in bile Ducts by Tubes (Wilms-Sullivan)830

Simple Excision of Stricture of the Bile Duct with Implantation of Proximal Segment of Duct into Intestinal Tract832

Intrahepatic Cholangiojejunostomy with Partial Hepatectomy (Longmire)841

Use of Pedicle Flap of Stomach (Hoag)844

Use of Mucosal Flap of Jejunum (Cole)845

Establishment of an External Biliary Fistula with Later Implantation of the Fistulous Tract into the Intestinal Tract848

Formation of Temporary External Biliary Fistula848

Cholecystenterostomy850

Comments on Operations for Repair of Stricture of Bile Ducts850

HEPATOSTOMY852

Internal Hepatostomy852

External Hepatostomy853