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预算过程的新政治学 第5版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

预算过程的新政治学 第5版
  • （美）威尔达夫斯基凯顿 著
  • 出版社： 北京：北京大学出版社
  • ISBN：7301102704
  • 出版时间：2006
  • 标注页数：256页
  • 文件大小：65MB
  • 文件页数：289页
  • 主题词：国家预算－美国－教材－英文

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图书目录

Chapter One Budgeting as Conflicting Promises7

Budgets Are Conflicting Commitments7

Tax Preferences11

Appropriations:The Power of Congress and Power Within Congress13

The President Is Both Rival and Partner of Congress16

Conflicting Promises:The Multiple Meanings of Budgetary Control19

Chapter Two Budgets as Struggles for Power:A Historical Perspective25

Colonial Origins26

Turning Points:Civil War through World War I30

The Executive Budget Movement33

Dislocation and Continuity:Depression and War40

Chapter Three The Dance of the Dollars:Classical Budgeting42

Calculations44

Complexity44

Aids to Calculation45

Incremental Budgeting46

Roles and Perspectives50

The Agency50

The Bureau of the Budget54

The Appropriations Committees56

Strategies57

Be a Good Politician58

Clientele58

Confidence60

Congressional Committee Hearings62

Strategies Designed to Capitalize on the Fragmentation of Power in National Politics62

Chapter Four The Collapse of Consensus68

The Growth of Entitlements69

Economic Activism70

Federal Credit71

Priorities72

Impoundment73

The Budget Act:More Checks, More Balances,but Not More Control75

Impoundment Again75

Congressional Budget Office76

Senate Budget Committee and House Budget Committee76

Scheduling76

Resolutions77

Reconciliation78

Complexity78

A Congressional Budget,or Merely More Budgeting?78

The Budget Process,1975-1979:Making Totals Stick79

Classical Budgeting Withers Without Quite Disappearing81

Chapter Five The Politics of Dissensus83

Why Budget Decisions Became So Difficult84

The Focus on Totals84

The End of Economic Management85

Dominance of the Deficit86

Polarization of the Parties87

The Congressional Budget Act in the 1980s88

R and R:Resolution and Reconciliation88

Deferral and Rescission Redux90

The Shifting Budgetary Base91

Continuing Omnibus Resolutions92

OMB in an Era of Perennial Budgeting93

Top-Down Policy Making94

Continuous Budgeting94

Negotiating with Congress95

Implications for OMB96

Dissensus in Congress97

Role Reversal97

Rolled on the Floor98

Budgeting Penetrates Congress100

Gimmicks100

Chapter Six The Politics of Balancing Budgets103

Grarnm-Rudman-Hollings105

The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990106

The Clinton Budget of 1993108

The Politics of Radical Reversal 1995111

Prologue:Constitutional Amendment and Rescission112

Budgets and Counterbudgets:The President's Budgetand the Congressional Resolution113

Incrementalism in Mirror Image:Appropriations114

Confrontation:Continuing Resolutions and the Debt Limit115

Reconciliation and Intransigence118

The Balanced Budget Act of 1997120

Chapter Seven Entitlements123

The"Ought"and"Is"of Entitlements124

Entitlements and Budgeting129

How Do Entitlements Start?132

Why Do Entitlements Grow?135

Maintaining Commitment:Social Security136

Escalating Costs:Medicare138

Expanding Eligibility:Medicaid140

Provider Pressures:End-Stage Renal Disease142

How Have Entitlements Been Controlled?144

Declining Need:Black Lung Disease145

Ending an Entitlement:Welfare146

Entitlements and Others148

Appropriations:Head Start and WIC148

Tax Expenditures:Earned Income Tax Credit(EITC)149

Formula Grants to States:Adoption Assistance Program,Individuals With Disabilities Education Act,and the Ryan White Care Act149

Chapter Eight Budgeting for Defense152

Dimensions of Defense153

Defense Strategy and Funding155

The Internal Budget Process161

Planning,Programming,Budgeting161

Acquisitions165

The Congressional Budget Process170

Reprogramming173

Secrecy175

Cuts176

Contingencies179

Chapter Nine Reform181

Norms of Budgetary Behavior181

Forms of Budgeting184

Reform Without Conflict184

The Politics in Budget Reform186

Unit of Measurement:Cash or Volume187

Time Span:Months,One Year,Many Years188

Calculation:Incremental or Comprehensive189

Management Reforms191

Performance and Budgeting191

Centralization and Decentralization:The Role of OMB193

Credit Reform195

Financial Management196

Capital Budgeting197

Limits198

The Line-Item Veto200

Chapter Ten From Surplus to Deficit205

The Disappearing Deficit205

The Politics of Budget Surplus208

The End of the Surplus212

Afterword219

Characteristics of the Budget Process219

The Budgetary Process Is Powerful Yet Impotent220

The Budgetary Process Is Structured Yet Formalistic220

The Budgetary Process Is Complex Yet Segmented221

Budgetary Politics Are Polarized but Moderated223

Glossary225

Guide to Acronyms230

Select Bibliography231

Credits245

Index246

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