半导体光学和输运现象 影印版2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

半导体光学和输运现象 影印版PDF格式电子书版下载

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1．Some Basic Facts on Semiconductors1

1.1 Semiconductor Heterostructures2

1.2 Doped and Modulation-Doped Semiconductors4

2．Interaction of Matter and Electromagnetic Fields7

2.1 Microscopic Maxwell Equations8

2.2 The Many-Particle Hamiltonian10

2.3 Second Quantization for Particles12

2.4 Quantization of Electromagnetic Fields19

2.4.1 Coherent States22

2 5 The Interaction Hamiltonian of Fields and Particles24

2.6 Macroscopic Maxwell Equations and Response Functions29

2.6.1 Direct Calculation of Induced Charges and Currents30

2.6.2 Phenomenological Theory of Linear Response32

2.6.3 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory34

2.6.4 Longitudinal Response Functions35

2.6.5 Transverse Response Functions40

2.7 Measurable Quantities in Optics43

2.7.1 Linear Optical Susceptibility and Macroscopic Polarization46

2.7.2 Absorption Coefficient47

2.8 Problems48

3．One-Particle Properties51

3.1 Hartree-Fock Theory for Zero Temperature52

3.2 Hartree-Fock Theory for Finite Temperature55

3.3 Band Structure and Ground-State Properties60

3.3.1 The Local-Density Approximation60

3.3.2 Lattice Periodicity65

3.4 The Effective-Mass Approximation69

3.5 kp Perturbation Theory for Degenerate Bands73

3.6 Transition Matrix Elements77

3.7 Density of States80

3.8 Position of the Chemical Potential81

3.9 Problems83

4．Uncorrelated Optical Transitions85

4.1 The Optical Bloch Equations86

4.2 Linear Optical Properties91

4.3 Nonlinear Optical Properties94

4.3.1 Perturbation Analysis in the Frequency Domain95

4.3.2 Introducing the Bloch Vector97

4.3.3 Perturbation Analysis in the Time Domain103

4.3.4 Alternative Approaches107

4.4 Semiconductor Photodetectors109

4.4.1 The Field-Field Correlation Function and its Relation to Coherence110

4.5 Problems113

5．Correlated Transitions of Bloch Electrons115

5.1 Equations of Motion in the Hartree-Fock Approximation115

5.2 Linear Optical Properties:The Continuum of Interband Transitions119

5.2.1 The Bethe-Salpeter Equation122

5.2.2 The Dielectric Function124

5.3 Solution by Continued Fractions127

5.4 Problems131

6．Correlated Transitions near the Band Edge135

6.1 The Semiconductor Bloch Equations135

6.2 Linear Optical Properties:Bound Electron-Hole Pairs138

6.2.1 The Coulomb Green's Function140

6.2.2 Optical Properties due to Bound Electron-Hole Pairs144

6.2.3 Numerical Methods149

6.2.4 Excitons in Quantum Wells150

6.2.5 Propagation of Light:Polaritons and Cavity Polaritons154

6.3 Nonlinear Optical Properties159

6.3.1 The Local-Field Approximation159

6.3.2 Numerical Solutions166

6.4 Problems172

7．Influence of Static Magnetic Fields175

7.1 One-Particle Properties176

7.1.1 Effective Mass Theory for Isolated Bands178

7.1.2 Degenerate Bloch Electrons in a Magnetic Field181

7.1.3 One-Particle States in Quantum Wells186

7.2 Optical Properties of Magneto-Excitons188

7.2.1 Evaluation of the Coulomb Matrix Element189

7.2.2 Linear Optical Properties191

7.2.3 Semiconductor Bloch Equations in Two and Three Dimensions196

7.2.4 Bose Condensation of Magnetoexcitons in Two Dimensions198

7.2.5 Nonlinear Absorption of Magnetoexcitons in Quantum Wells201

7.3 Problems204

8．Influence of Static Electric Fields207

8.1 Introduction207

8.2 Uncorrelated Optical Transitions in Uniform Electric Fields209

8.2.1 Optical Absorption211

8.3 Correlated Optical Transitions in Uniform Electric Fields213

8.3.1 An Analytical Model214

8.3.2 Representation in Parabolic Coordinates217

8.4 Quantum Wells in Electric Fields218

8.5 Superlattices in Electric Fields222

8.5.1 One-Particle States in Superlattices222

8.5.2 Semiconductor Bloch Equations231

8.6 Problems235

9．Biexcitons237

9.1 Truncation of the Many-Particle Problem in Coherently Driven Systems240

9.1.1 Decomposition of Expectation Values241

9.2 Equations of Motion in the Coherent Limit244

9.2.1 Variational Methods245

9.2.2 Eigenfunction Expansion247

9.3 Bound-State and Scattering Contributions252

9.3.1 Separation of Bound States252

9.3.2 Biexcitonic Scattering Contributions254

9.4 Signatures of Biexcitonic Bound States256

9.4.1 Nonlinear Absorption257

9.4.2 Four-Wave Mixing259

9.5 Problems264

10．Nonequilibrium Green's Functions265

10.1 Time Evolution under the Action of External Fields266

10.2 Definitions of One-Particle Green's Functions269

10.3 Equations of Motion of One-Particle Green's Functions273

10.4 Screened Interaction,Polarization,and Vertex Function278

10.5 Quantum Kinetic Equations281

10.5.1 The Two-Time Formalism284

10.5.2 Reduction of Propagators to Single Time Functions288

10.6 The Self-Energy in Different Approximations291

10.6.1 Ground-State Energy293

10.6.2 The Screened Hartree-Fock Approximation294

10.7 The Screened Interaction296

10.7.1 Separation of the Intraband and the Interband Susceptibility297

10.7.2 The Screened Interaction in Random Phase Appproximation298

10.8 The Second-Order Born Approximation304

10.9 Problems310

11．The Electron-Phonon Interaction313

11.1 The Phonon-Induced Interaction314

11.2 The Phonon Green's Function317

11.2.1 Eigenmodes of Lattice Vibrations317

11.2.2 Green's Function Representation of the Density-Density Correlation Function321

11.3 Electron-Phonon Coupling in the Long-Wavelength Limit323

11.3.1 Coupling to Longitudinal Optical Phonons325

11.3.2 Coupling to Acoustic Phonons328

11.4 The Phonon Self-Energy330

11.4.1 The Polaron331

11.4.2 Dephasing Induced by Phonons336

11.5 Nonequilibrium Phonons347

11.5.1 Renormalization of Phonons347

11.5.2 Kinetic Equation for the Phonon Green's Function349

11.6 Problems356

12．Scattering and Screening Processes359

12.1 Carrier-Phonon Scattering360

12.1.1 Luminescence Spectra361

12.1.2 Four-Wave-Mixing Experiments365

12.1.3 Nonequilibrium Phonons368

12.2 Carrier-Carrier Scattering369

12.2.1 The Limit of Quasi-Equilibrium378

12.3 Scattering in the Presence of Bound States382

12.3.1 Exciton-Phonon Scattering382

12.3.2 Exciton-Exciton versus Exciton-Electron Scattering383

12.4 Problems385

13．The Semiconductor Laser387

13.1 Introduction387

13.2 Semiclassical Approach389

13.2.1 The Semiconductor Bloch Equations in a Cavity389

13.2.2 The Standard Rate Equations393

13.2.3 Extended Rate Equations396

13.2.4 Spectral Hole-Burning402

13.3 Quantum Theory404

13.3.1 The Photon Kinetics404

13.3.2 The Carrier Kinetics407

13.3.3 The Semiconductor Laser Linewidth409

13.4 Problems413

14．Classical Transport415

14.1 Transport Coefficients(Without Magnetic Field)417

14.1.1 Electrical Conductivity419

14.1.2 Peltier Coefficient419

14.1.3 Thermal Conductivity420

14.2 Transport Coefficients(with Magnetic Field)420

14.2.1 Hall Effect and Hall Resistance422

14.3 Towards Ballistic Electrons:The Hot-Electron Transistor424

14.4 Problems426

15．Electric Fields in Mesoscopic Systems429

15.1 Elementary Approach429

15.1.1 Resonant TunnelingⅠ431

15.1.2 Quantized Conductance435

15.1.3 Coulomb Blockade and the SET Transistor439

15.2 Resonant TunnelingⅡ443

15.2.1 Boundary Conditions and Discretization445

15.2.2 Scattering Contributions447

15.2.3 Numerical Results448

15.2.4 Time-Dependent Phenomena449

15.3 Problems450

16．Electric and Magnetic Fields in Mesoscopic Systems453

16.1 The Integer Quantum Hall Effect453

16.2 Edge Channels and the Landauer-Büttiker Multiprobe Formula455

16.2.1 Edge Channels456

16.3 Microscopic Derivation of the Landauer-Büttiker Formula462

16.3.1 Linear Response Theory462

16.3.2 The Multiprobe Landauer-Büttiker Formula466

16.4 The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect468

16.5 Magnetotransport Through Dot or Antidot-Lattices470

16.6 Problems475

References477

Index491