基础化学实验 中、英文2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

基础化学实验 中、英文PDF格式电子书版下载

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第一部分 基础化学实验基本知识1

第一章 实验室规则及安全知识1

1．基础化学实验目的1

2．化学实验室一般规则1

3．化学实验室的安全知识2

4．化学实验操作过程中可能发生的事故与处理2

5．化学实验室的防火与灭火常识3

第二章 基础化学实验常用仪器4

1．实验室常用玻璃仪器4

1.1 玻璃仪器的洗涤4

1.2 玻璃仪器的干燥4

2．容量分析仪器5

2.1 滴定管6

2.2 容量瓶7

2.3 移液管和吸量管8

3．常用定量分析仪器9

3.1 分析天平9

3.2 pH计13

3.3 721型分光光度计18

3.4 FM-9X型冰点渗透压计21

3.5 离心机23

第三章 实验结果的表示26

1．实验误差与有效数字26

1.1 实验误差26

1.2 准确度和精密度26

1.3 有效数字27

2．实验数据的处理28

2.1 列表法28

2.2 作图法28

2.3 计算机处理29

3．实验报告29

第二部分 基础化学实验课题33

实验课题一 基本操作训练实验33

实验一 常用容量分析仪器操作练习33

实验二 分析天平称量练习41

实验三 缓冲溶液的配制和性质、溶液pH测量44

实验四 胶体溶液的制备与性质48

实验课题二 滴定分析实验53

实验五 酸碱滴定分析法53

1．标准盐酸溶液浓度的标定54

2．标准氢氧化钠溶液浓度的标定56

3．草酸纯度的测定57

4．硼砂含量的测定59

5．返滴定法测定阿司匹林的含量61

实验六 氧化还原滴定法63

1．高锰酸钾法63

2．碘量法66

实验七 配位滴定分析70

1．水的硬度的测定70

2．明矾含量的测定74

3．葡萄糖酸钙含量的测定77

实验课题三 分光光度法实验80

实验八 分光光度法测定水样中铁含量80

1．邻二氮菲法81

2．硫氰酸盐法83

3．磺基水杨酸法85

实验九 分光光度法测定阿司匹林药片的含量87

实验十 分光光度法测定磺基水杨酸合铁的组成和稳定常数89

实验十一 荧光分析法测定维生素B2的含量92

实验十二 紫外分光光度法对维生素B12的鉴别与含量测定94

实验课题四 化学原理实验97

实验十三 稀溶液的依数性及其应用97

1．凝固点降低法测定溶质的相对分子质量98

2．利用溶液的渗透浓度测定溶质的相对分子质量100

3．冰点渗透压计的应用101

实验十四 置换法测定镁的原子量103

实验十五 化学反应速率与活化能的测定105

实验课题五 化合物制备实验110

实验十六 氯化钠的精制110

实验十七 硫酸亚铁铵的制备113

实验课题六 综合及研究实验116

实验十八 醋酸解离平衡常数的测定与市售食醋中HAc含量的测定116

实验十九 茶叶中钙、镁和铁含量的综合测定119

实验课题七 自行设计实验123

实验二十 设计及研究123

Part Ⅰ Experiment Essentials in Basic Chemistry127

Chapter 1 Laboratory Rules and Safety Information127

1．The Purpose of Experiments in Basic Chemistry127

2．General Rules in Laboratory127

3．Safety Information128

4．The Treatment of Accidents in Chemical Experiments129

5．Fire Prevention and Extinguishing Knowledge129

Chapter 2 Ordinary Instruments in Chemical Experiments131

1．Ordinary Glassware in Chemical Lab131

1.1 Cleaning Glassware131

1.2 Drying Glassware131

2．Volumetric Glassware132

2.1 Burets133

2.2 Volumetric Flasks135

2.3 Pipets136

3．Analytical Instruments137

3.1 Analytical Balance137

3.2 pH Meter142

3.3 721-Spectrophotometer147

3.4 FM-9X Osmometer150

3.5 Centrifuges153

Chapter 3 Experiment Results and their Expressions155

1．Experimental Error and Significant Figures155

1.1 Experimental Error155

1.2 Accuracy and Precision155

1.3 Significant Figures156

2．Treatments of Experimental Data158

2.1 Tabling158

2.2 Graphing158

2.3 Computer treatment159

3．Experiment Reports159

Part Ⅱ Experiments in Basic Chemistry163

Chapter 1 Basic Practice Experiments of Operation163

Experiment 1 Operation of Volumetric Analysis163

Experiment 2 Weighing Practice of Analytical Balance173

Experiment 3 Preparation and Properties of Buffers and Measure the pH of the Solution177

Experiment 4 Preparation and Properties of Colloidal Systems182

Chapter 2 Experiments of Titration188

Experiment 5 Acid-Base Titration Analysis188

1．The Standardization of HCl Solution Concentration189

2．The Standardization of the Concentration of NaOH191

3．Determination of Purity of Oxalic Acid194

4．Determination of Content of Borax195

5．Determination of Aspirin by Back Titration197

Experiment 6 Oxidation-Reduction Titration200

1．Potassium permanganate method200

2．Iodimetry203

Experiment 7 Complexometric Titration208

1．Determination of the Hardness of Water209

2．Determination Content of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O in Alum213

3．Determination of calcium gluconate216

Chapter 3 Spectrophotometry220

Experiment 8 Determination of the Content of Fe3＋(Fe2＋)in Water Sample with Spectrophotometry220

1．O-phenanthroline Method222

2．Sulfocyan(MSCN)Method224

3．Sulfosalicylic Acid Method226

Experiment 9 Determination of the Content of Aspirin in Tablets by Visible Spectrophotometry229

Experiment 10 Determination of the Formula and the Stability Constant for a sulfosalicylate Iron(Ⅲ)Complex by Spectrophotometry231

Experiment 11 Determination of the Content of Vitamin B2 by Fluorescence Spectrophotometry235

Experiment 12 Identification and Determination of Vitamin B12 with Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry237

Chapter 4 Chemical Principle Experiments240

Experiment 13 Colligative Properties of Dilute Solution and Their Application240

1．Determination of Molar Mass of Glucose by Freezing Point Depression242

2．Determination of the Molar Mass of Glucose by Determining Osmolarity244

3．Application of Freezing Point Osmometer245

Experiment 14 Determination of the Atomic Mass of Magnesium by Replacement Reaction247

Experiment 15 Determination of the Rate of Chemical Reaction and Activation Energy249

Chapter 5 Preparation of Compounds255

Experiment 16 Refining Sodium Chloride255

Experiment 17 Preparation of Ammonium Iron(Ⅱ)Sulfate258

Chapter 6 Comprehensive Experiments261

Experiment 18 Determination of Dissociation Equilibrium Constant of Acetic Acid and Content of HAc in Commercial Vinegar261

Experiment 19 Comprehensive Determinations of Content of Ca,Mg and Fe in Tea264

Chapter 7 Self-Designed Experiment269

Experiment 20 Design and Research269

附录Ⅰ 国际相对原子量表272

附录Ⅱ 不同温度下水的饱和蒸汽压274

附录Ⅲ 危险药品的分类、性质和管理275

一、危险药品275

二、剧毒物品276

三、化学实验室毒品管理规定277

附录Ⅳ 标准缓冲溶液278

附录Ⅴ 参考书目279