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Chapter Ⅰ Introduction1

1.1．Notions of Metaphor3

1.2．Notions of Context and Pragmatics12

1.3．Significance of Integrating Metaphor,Pragmatics(and Context)in Studying Metaphor19

1.4．Insights into Metaphor and Context26

1.5．Research Objectives of the Book36

1.6．The Methodology and Corpora42

1.7．The Organization of the Book46

Chapter Ⅱ A Historical Picture of Metaphor Study49

2.1．A Historical Picture of Metaphor Study in General50

2.1.1．Three Stages of Metaphor Study50

2.1.2．Four Perspectives of Metaphor Study51

2.1.3．The Traditional View and the Modern View60

2.1.4．The Classical View and the Romantic View67

2.2．Important Figures for Metaphor Study in the Pragmatic Perspective73

2.2.1．John.R.Searle74

2.2.2．Andrew Ortony86

2.2.3．H.P.Grice87

2.2.4．Donald Davidson90

2.2.5．Stephen C.Levinson92

2.2.6．John Lyons93

2.2.7．Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson96

2.3．Summary of the Previous Researches103

2.4．Guidelines for the Book107

Chapter Ⅲ Communication Adaptation Theory and the Overall Model for the Book110

3.1．Verschueren's View as the Basis for CAT and the Over-all Model111

3.2．Communication Adaptation Theory(CAT)123

3.2.1．Core Factors Involved in CAT127

3.2.2．Dimensions of Adaptation143

3.3．The Overall Model for the Book185

3.3.1．A General Model Under All Communication185

3.3.2．The Overall Model for the Book187

3.4．Summary189

Chapter Ⅳ Generating Metaphor196

4.1．Three Levels of Generating Metaphor197

4.2．Generating Metaphor at the Macro-Level199

4.2.1．Generating Metaphor for Language200

4.2.2．Generating Metaphor for Society209

4.2.3．Generating Metaphor for Cognition213

4.2.4．A Conceptive Process of Metaphor Generation227

4.3．Generating Metaphor at the Mid-Level231

4.3.1．Metaphor Generation Under CAT233

4.3.2．Metaphorical Implicature Incorporated with Cooperation236

4.3.3．Metaphorical Implicature Generation Under SMIM242

4.4．Generating Metaphor at the Micro-Level257

4.4.1．Generating Metaphor Under CAT257

4.4.2．The Dynamics for Metaphor Generation260

4.5．Summary283

Chapter Ⅴ Metaphor as a Linguistic Product for More Effective Communication289

5.1．Meta-Functions of Language290

5.1.1．Informative Function296

5.1.2．Behavioral Function297

5.1.3．Interpersonal Function298

5.1.4．Metalingual Function299

5.2．Functions of Rhetoric301

5.2.1．Poetic Function307

5.2.2．Cognitive Function309

5.2.3．Logical-Expressive Function310

5.2.4．Emotive Function313

5.2.5．Euphemistic Function316

5.2.6．Interpersonal Function319

5.3．Functions of Metaphor322

5.3.1．Explicit Functions of Metaphor339

5.3.2．Implicit/Mis-Match Functions of Metaphor350

5.3.3．Vague Functions of Metaphorical Meaning,Implicature and Emotion356

5.4．Summary359

Chapter Ⅵ Interpreting Metaphor Under Context364

6.1．Features of Metaphor365

6.1.1 Categorizations of Metaphor365

6.1.2．Common Source and Target Domains366

6.2．Identifying Metaphor377

6.2.1．Explicit Linguistic Markers378

6.2.2．Semantic Anomaly or Categorical Mistake/Recategorization(with No Explicit Marker)382

6.2.3．Metaphors Negotiated with Context385

6.3．Interpreting Metaphor Under Context388

6.3.1．Models for Interpreting Metaphor388

6.3.2．Interpreting Metaphor Under Different Contexts405

6.4．Summary450

Chapter Ⅶ Conclusion of the Book456

7.1．A Brief Review of the Book and the Main Findings456

7.1.1．Understanding Metaphor from Different Dimensions457

7.1.2．Metaphor in the Pragmatic(Communicative)Perspective462

7.2．Contributions and Implications of the Research474

7.2.1．Definitions and Notions474

7.2.2．The Perspective of the Book480

7.2.3．The Theoretical Framework and the Overall Model482

7.2.4．The Application of CAT and the Overall Model to the Generation,Functions and Interpretation of Metaphor484

7.2.5．The Concluding Remark487

7.3．Suggestions for Further Researches488

References491