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PART ONE FUNDAMENTALS：Basic Writing3

Chapter 1：Awareness，Correction，and Appropriateness3

Ⅰ.Spelling3

Ⅱ.Punctuation4

Ⅲ.Vocabulary5

1.Choosing Words6

2.Basic Rules of Diction10

Ⅳ.Style and Appropriateness14

Chapter 2：Writing Sentences17

Ⅰ.Types of Sentences17

1.Simple Sentences17

2.Compound Sentences18

3.Complex Sentences19

4.Compound-Complex Sentences21

Ⅱ.Qualities of Good Sentences21

1.Unity21

2.Coherence22

3.Conciseness23

4.Emphasis24

Ⅲ.Coordination and Subordination26

1.Coordination26

2.Subordination27

Ⅳ.Parallelism31

Ⅴ.Variety34

1.Misused Parts of Speech，and Faulty Word Order36

Ⅵ.Main Mistakes in Grammar by Students36

2.Sentence Fragments37

3.Run-on Sentences39

4.Comma Splice40

5.？ Misplaced Modifiers41

6.？43

7.？in Agreement and Reference44

Chapter 3：Writing Paragraphs47

？47

？49

？52

？ Coherence52

？53

？55

？56

？ Techniques58

？ a Paragraph58

2.Exemplification59

3.Generalization60

4.Chronological and Process Description62

5.Spatial Description63

6.Comparison and Contrast64

7.Cause and Effect66

8.Definition67

9.Classification68

10.Combined Techniques of Paragraph Development70

Chapter 4：Writing Essays72

Ⅰ.Essay Development by Various Techniques72

Ⅱ.What is an Essay or Composition？73

Ⅲ.Steps in Writing an Essay77

Ⅳ.Types of Writing79

1.Description79

2.Narration82

3.Exposition83

4.Argumentation86

Chapter 5：Writing Summaries89

Ⅰ.Some Techniques for Writing a Summary89

Ⅱ.Paragraph Summaries(Model and Exercise)90

Ⅲ.Passage Summaries(Model and Exercise)92

Chapter 6：Using Figurative Language97

Ⅰ.Literal and Figurative Language97

Ⅱ.Using Figures of Speech98

1.Figures Based on Resemblance in Image98

2.Figures Based on Association and Contrast100

3.Figures Based on Other Relations102

4.Figures Based on Similarity in Sound105

Ⅲ.Mistakes in the Use of Some Figures106

Ⅳ.Review of the U？ Figurative Language(Exerc？es)107

PART TWO VARIETIES：Practical Writing113

Chapter 7：The Ways of Writing English Letters，and Personal Letters113

Ⅰ.The Ways of Writing English Letters113

1.The Form of the Letter113

2.Opening and Concluding Sentences in English Letters116

3 The Envelope117

Ⅱ.Personal Letters120

1 Writing Personal Letters120

2.Examples of Personal Letters121

3.Love Letters123

Ⅰ.Formal and Informal Letters127

Chapter 8：Social Letters127

1.Formal Letters128

2.Informal Letters130

3.More Examples of Social Letters130

Ⅱ.Other Types of Social Letters135

1.Letters of Introduction135

2.Letters of Recommendation136

3.Letters of Application138

Ⅲ.Cards141

1.Visiting Card141

2.New Year Card and Christmas Card142

3.Birthday Card143

4.Card with Accompanying Gift144

Chapter 9：Business Letters147

Ⅰ.General Requirements for Writing Effective Business Letters147

Ⅱ.The Various Parts of the Business Letter154

1.Letterhead154

2.Inside Address155

3.Salutation156

4.Subject157

5.Body of the Letter157

6.Complimentary Close158

7.Signature158

9.Enclosure159

8.Initials159

10.Carbon Copy160

11.Postscript160

Ⅲ.Examples of General Business Letters162

1.Seeking to Estabrish Business Relations162

2.Inquiry163

3.Offer164

4.Counter-Offer165

5.Order，Acceptance and Confirmation166

6.Payment and Demand Payment167

7.Complaint and Claim168

8.Miscellaneous Examples170

2.Marriage License176

1.Schooling Certificate176

Chapter 10：Official Writing176

Ⅰ.Certificates176

3.Doctor's Certificate177

4.Graduation Certificate177

5.Certificate for the Degree of Master177

Ⅱ.Ordinary Official Documents178

1.Contract178

2.Memorandum183

3.Meeting Minutes184

Ⅰ.Telegrams188

1.Writing the Telegraphese188

Chapter 11：Telegrams and Telexes188

2.Examples191

3.Deciphering the Exemplary Telegrams in 2191

Ⅱ.Telexes192

1.Composing Telexes192

2.The Procedure for Writing a Telex.and Examples194

Chapter 12：Bills and Forms197

Ⅰ.I.O.U and Receipt Forms197

Ⅱ.Forms198

1.Common Terms on Forms198

2.The Résumé199

3.Letters of Application with Résumés200

4.International Student Application for Admission202

5.Visa Application Form204

Chapter 13：Notes212

Ⅰ.Written Request for Leave212

1.Asking for Sick Leave212

2.Asking for Business Leave213

3.Asking for an Extension of Leave213

Ⅱ.Notes Left214

1.Transmitting a Telephone Message214

4.Asking a Doctor to Come215

3.Entrusting Someone to Do Something215

2.Informing of a Postponed Meeting215

5.Message to One Who Is Out216

6.Message with Tickets'Presentation216

7.Asking to Return the Books216

8.Notes on the Visitor's Board216

Chapter 14：Posters and Notices220

Ⅰ.Posters220

1.Football Match220

2.Basketball Match220

5.Lecture221

6.Karaoke Contest221

3.Film News221

4.This Week's Film221

Ⅱ.Notices：short written/printed statements of information to the public222

1.Lost222

2.Found222

3.Acknowledgements223

4.Contributions Wanted223

5.Notice Soliciting Opinions from the Readers224

6.Corrections224

7.Others224

1.Meeting Notice225

2.Notice of a Visit225

Ⅲ.Notice：warning or information about something to happen225

3.Notice of Appointment226

4.Notice of Dismissal226

5.Proclamation of Election Results226

6.Public Notice226

Chapter 15：Brand，Advertisement and Directions229

Ⅰ.Brand229

Ⅱ.Advertisement230

Ⅲ.Directions232

Appendix 1：HANDWRITING AND FIGURES237

Appendix 2：PUNCTUATION AND CAPITAL LETTERS239

Appendix 3：CORRECTION SYMBOLS242

GLOSSARY243

SUGGESTED KEY TO THE EXERCISES250