英语学术论文写作纲要2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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PART Ⅰ GENERAL FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING3

Chapter 1 Academic Writing:An Introduction　3

1.1 Academic Writing:A Definition3

1.2 Characteristics of Good Academic Writing5

1.2a Good Writing Calls for Critical Reading and Critical Thinking6

1.2b Good Writing Involves Thoughtful Revision7

1.2c Good Writing Is Directed Toward an Audience8

1.2d Good Writing Achieves a Clear Purpose9

1.2e Good Writing Expresses Ideas Clearly9

1.2f Good Writing Pulses with Creativity10

Chapter 2 Kinds of Academic Writing12

2.1 Writing to Summarize12

2.2 Writing to Synthesize16

2.3 Writing to Explain19

2.3a Writing to Inform21

2.3b Writing to Explain Processes23

2.3c Writing to Explain Concepts25

2.4 Writing to Argue28

2.4a The Logical Appeal29

2.4b The Emotional Appeal30

2.4c The Ethical Appeal30

2.4d Five Basic Components31

2.5 Writing to Propose34

2.6 Writing to Analyze36

2.7 Writing to Evaluate38

Chapter 3 The Rhetorical Context and Characteristics of Academic Writing42

3.1 The Rhetorical Context43

3.1a Topic or Subject43

3.1b Audience44

3.1c Purpose and Role48

3.2 Characteristics of Academic Papers49

4.1 Process of Writing55

Chapter 4 Finding a Topic55

PART Ⅱ PROCESS OF EFFECTIVE ACADEMIC WRITING55

4.2 Assessing Your Prior Interest and Knowledge57

4.3 Narrowing the Topic—Creating a Good Title59

4.4 Techniques for Inventing61

4.4a Freewriting62

4.4b Brainstorming63

4.4c Branching64

4.4d Cubing64

4.4e Questioning or Journalistic Formula66

4.5 Generating New Ideas by Critical Reading67

Chapter 5 Researching the Topic69

5.1 Field Research70

5.1a Observing71

5.1b Interviewing73

5.1c Using Questionnaire75

5.2a Library Sources and Materials80

5.2 Library Research80

5.2b Taking Notes88

5.3 Internet Research89

5.4 Keeping Track of Your Research92

5.5 A Six-Step Approach to Research94

Chapter 6 Outlining98

6.1 The Structure of a Paper98

6.2 Sorting Out Your Notes and Other Materials101

6.3 Outlining101

6.3a Draft Outline102

6.3b Formal Outline103

6.3c Two Commonly Used Patterns of Formal Outlines105

6.4 Formulating the Thesis Statement108

Chapter 7 Drafting,Revising,Editing and Proofreading111

7.1 Drafting111

7.2 Revising114

7.2a Revising for Content and Organization—Macro-revision115

7.2b Revising for Details—Micro-revision116

7.3 Final Editing and Proofreading122

PART Ⅲ STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE ACADEMIC WRITING127

Chapter 8 Organizing the Paper127

8.1 Five Basic Organizational Patterns129

8.1a General-to-Specific/Abstract-to-Concrete129

8.1b Specific-to-General/Concrete-to-Abstract132

8.1c Order of Importance134

8.1d Chronological Order135

8.1e Spatial Order136

8.1f Other Organizational Patterns138

8.2 Introduction139

8.2a Narrative140

8.2b Descriptive141

8.2c Preparatory143

8.2d Corrective145

8.2e Inquisitive146

8.2f Stating a Problem147

8.2g Giving a Surprising Fact or Statistics148

8.2h Using a Striking Quote150

8.3 Conclusion150

8.3a Restating the Main Points151

8.3b Referring Back to the Thesis(and the Introduction)151

8.3c Suggesting a Solution,Further Study,or Predicting an Out-come152

8.3d Giving a Humorous Comment or Unexpected Twist152

8.3e Using a Striking or Memorable Quote153

Chapter 9 Strategies for Development155

9.1 Definition156

9.1a Sentence Definition157

9.1b Extended Definition158

9.1c Historical Definition158

9.1d Stipulative Definition159

9.2 Classification160

9.2a Choosing the Principle(s)to Classify161

9.2b Testing the Effectiveness162

9.2c Explaining Each Subgroup164

9.3 Example166

9.3a Relevant Examples167

9.3b Specific Examples168

9.3c Sufficient Examples169

9.4 Comparison and Contrast170

9.4a Points for Comparing and Contrasting170

9.4b Two Ways for Organizing Comparison and Contrast172

9.4c Transitional Words and Phrases175

9.5 Cause and Effect176

9.5a Distinguishing Between Cause and Effect176

9.5b Necessity,Sufficiency,and Mill's Methods179

9.5c Organizing Cause and Effect Analysis181

9.6 Generalization186

9.5d Transitional Words and Phrases for Cause-and-Effect Analysis186

9.7 Visual Elements187

Chapter 10 Use of Sources and Documentation189

10.1 Importance of Using and Documenting Sources189

10.2 Three Ways to Use Sources190

10.3 Styles of Documentation193

10.4 MLA Style194

10.4a In-text Citation194

10.4c List of Works Cited196

10.4b Explanatory Notes196

10.5 APA Style202

10.5a In-text Citation203

10.5b Explanatory Notes204

10.5c List of References or Bibliography204

10.6 中文参考文献格式210

Appendix:Sample Student Acaademic Writings211

Works Cited and Consulted263